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EC number: 234-217-9 | CAS number: 10599-90-3
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
The most sensible parameter determined in the only reliable long-term study performed according the OECD 210 on fish was the inhibition of the Mortality (post-hatch success) with an EC10 of 9.8 µg/L (monochloramine).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Effect concentration:
- 9.8 µg/L
Additional information
The long-term toxicity of monochloramine to vertebrates has been tested in one study.
This study constitutes a reliable key study for this endpoint.
In this study , the chronic toxicity toward fish, Zebrafish (Danio rerio), was assessed according to the OECD Guideline for Testing of Chemicals, No. 210 "Fish, Early-life Stage Toxicity Test". The study was compliant with the GLP.
Newly fertilised eggs were exposed to seven concentrations levels for 30 days post-hatch under flow-through conditions.The test period (exposure of test organisms to the test solutions) was 35 days.
Two replicates per test concentration and control, with 30 fertilised eggs per test vessel, were tested at nominal concentrations of 0.40, 1.265, 4.00, 12.65, 40.0, 126.5 and 400 µg monochloramine/L
The five biological parameters investigated were the hatching success, the mortality (post-hatch success), the numbers of healthy fish, the length of the surviving fish and the dry weight of the surviving fish at the test end.
The analytical monitoring was performed from the measurement of TRC and FRC concentrations. TRC is the sum of the FRC (Free Residual Chlorine) and the CRC (Combined Residual Chlorine). CRC is composed of the 3 species of inorganic chloramines, mono-, di- and trichloramine). However according to the knowledge of the chemistry of chloramines and the test conditions (pH above of 8 and preparation of test solutions with a mass ratio Cl2/N of 4.8), it is considered that monochloramine was the predominant species of inorganic chloramines (CRC).
The concentration of monochloramine was then determined from the TRC and FRC concentrations by multiplying the measured CRC concentrations (Total Residual Chlorine (TRC) minus Free Residual Chlorine (FRC)) provided as eq Cl2/L by the factor of 0.725.
Chemical analysis of test concentrations was carried out on samples taken from: 12.65 (C4), 40.0 (C5), 126.5 (C6), 400 (C7), 1600 µg NH2Cl/L (stock solution), 0.16 g NH2Cl/L (test item solution) and control medium.
Samples of the test solutions were analysed to determine actual levels of test item in comparison to nominal test item concentrations. The determinations of actual concentrations showed a mean recovery of 37% at the highest test concentration. Since the difference between the nominal and the mean measured concentrations was >20%, all biological endpoints are expressed based both on nominal and mean measured test item concentrations.Only the results based on time-weighted mean are reported below as they were used preferentially for the toxicity assessment and the classification.
Under the experimental conditions of this study, a concentration-response relationship was observed. The following endpoints were determined for the test item based on measured concentrations:
Biological parameter |
Endpoints [µgNH2Cl/L] based on |
||
measured concentrations |
|||
EC50 |
EC10 |
NOEC |
|
Hatching success |
n.d. |
n.d |
≥148 |
Mortality (post-hatch success) |
69,9 |
9,8 |
14,8 |
Numbers of healthy fish |
n.d. |
n.d |
≥148 |
Length of the surviving fish |
n.d. |
31,5 |
46,8 |
Dry weight of the surviving fish |
156,2 |
55,2 |
46,8 |
n.d. = not determined due to lacking concentration-response relationship
The five validity criteria of the OECD guideline 210 were fulfilled.
The most sensitive parameter was the inhibition of the mortality (post-hatch success) with an EC10 of 9.8 µg/L (monochloramine).
According to the guidance R10 of the ECHA “An EC10 for a long-term test which is obtained using an appropriate statistical method (usually regression analysis) will be used preferentially » than a NOEC. This notion is also supported by theOECD (OECD Environmental Health and Safety Publications Series on Testing and Assessment No. 54, 2006).
The following information is taken into account for chronic toxicity to fish for the derivation of PNEC:
Conclusion:
The study performed on Danio rerio was GLP compliant and carried out according the OECD Guideline 210. This study was judged valid without restrictions.
Values used for CSA.
35d-EC10 for freshwater fish: 9.8 µg/L
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