Vinyl chloroacetate

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

 A GLP study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 404, to assess the irritancy potential of Vinyl Chloroacetate to the skin of the New Zealand White rabbit. A single 4 hr semi-occluded application of the test material to the intact skin of 3 rabbits produced well defined erythema and slight to moderate oedema. Light brown discolouration of the epidermis, loss of skin elasticity, reduced regrowth of fur and crust formation were also noted. Two treated skin sites appeared normal at the 14 day observation. 3 min and 1 hr semi-occluded applications of the test material produced no corrosive effects.

 The test material produced positive criteria in 3/3 rabbits. It produced a primary irritation index of 4.0 and was classified as a moderate irritant to rabbit skin according to the Draize classification scheme. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Skin Irrit. 2; H315 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

A Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Assay was conducted using Vinyl Chloroacetate according to the OECD Testing Guideline 437. The study was GLP compliant. In this test method, damage by the test item is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability. The undiluted test item was applied for 10 minutes followed by an incubation period of 120 minutes. Negative and positive control items were tested concurrently. The two endpoints, decreased light transmission through the cornea (opacity) and increased passage of sodium fluorescein dye through the cornea (permeability) were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). The test material produced an IVIS of 101.3, which means the substance causes serious eye damage. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Eye Dam 1; H318 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Skin irritation / corrosion

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

skin irritation: in vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2000

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes (incl. QA statement)

Specific details on test material used for the study:

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark

Species:

rabbit

Strain:

New Zealand White

Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: David Percival Lts, Moston, Sandbach, Cheshire, UK
- Age at study initiation: 12 - 16 weeks old
- Weight at study initiation: 2.69 - 2.82 kg
- Housing: suspended metal cages
- Diet (e.g. ad libitum): free access to STANRAB SQC Rabbit Diet allowed throughout the day
- Water (e.g. ad libitum): free access to mains tap water allowed throughout the day
- Acclimation period: minimum 5 days

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17-23
- Humidity (%): 30-70
- Air changes (per hr): 15
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12 hrs / 12 hrs dark

Type of coverage:

semiocclusive

Preparation of test site:

clipped

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent no treatment

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied: 0.5 mL

Duration of treatment / exposure:

4 hours

Observation period:

14 days

Number of animals:

3

Details on study design:

TEST SITE
- Area of exposure: 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm cotton gauze patch
- Type of wrap if used: each patch was secured in position with a strip of surgical adhesive tape (BLENDERM: approx size 2.5 x 4.0 cm), and to prevent the rabbit interfering with the patches, the trunk of the rabbit was wrapped in elasticated corset (TUBIGRIP).

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Washing (if done): any residual test material was removed by gentle swabbing with cotton wool soaked in 74% Industrial Methylated Spirits

OBSERVATION TIME POINTS
1 hour, 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours. Additional observations were made on Days 7 and 14 to assess the reversibility of skin reactions.

SCORING SYSTEM:
Draize classification scheme

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24 h

Score:

2

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

48 h

Score:

2

Irritation parameter:

erythema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

72 h

Score:

2

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

24 h

Score:

2.33

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

48 h

Score:

2

Irritation parameter:

edema score

Basis:

mean

Time point:

72 h

Score:

1.67

Irritant / corrosive response data:

Well defined erythema was noted at all treated skin sites one hour after patch removal and at subsequent 24, 48 and 72 hour observations.

Slight oedema was noted at all treated skin sites one hour after patch removal. Moderate oedema was noted at one treated skin site with slight oedema at two treated skin sites at the 24 hr observation. Slight oedema was noted at all treated skin sites at the 48 hr observation. Slight oedema was noted at all treated skin sites with very slight oedema at the remaining treated skin site at the 72 hr observation. Slight oedema persisted at one treated skin site with very slight oedema at one other treated skin site at the 7 day observation.

Light brown discolouration of the epidermis was noted at two treated skin sites at the 24, 48 and 72 hr observations with loss of skin elasticity noted at the remaining treated skin site at the 48 and 72 hr observations. Crust formation was noted at all treated skin sites at the 7 day observation and precluded the evaluation of erythema at two treated skin sites at this time. Reduced regrowth of fur was noted at one treated skin site at the 14 day observation.

Two treated skin sites appeared normal at the 14 day observation.

Other effects:

- Other adverse local effects: light brown discolouration of the epidermis, loss of skin elasticity, crust formation, reduced regrowth of fur observed at some treated sites

see 'attached background material'

Interpretation of results:

Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

The test material produced positive criteria in 3/3 rabbits. It produced a primary irritation index of 4.0 and was classified as a moderate irritant to rabbit skin according to the Draize classification scheme. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Skin Irrit. 2; H315 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

Executive summary:

 A GLP study was performed according to the OECD Guideline 404, to assess the irritancy potential of Vinyl Chloroacetate to the skin of the New Zealand White rabbit. A single 4 hr semi-occluded application of the test material to the intact skin of 3 rabbits produced well defined erythema and slight to moderate oedema. Light brown discolouration of the epidermis, loss of skin elasticity, reduced regrowth of fur and crust formation were also noted. Two treated skin sites appeared normal at the 14 day observation. 3 min and 1 hr semi-occluded applications of the test material produced no corrosive effects.

 

The test material produced positive criteria in 3/3 rabbits. It produced a primary irritation index of 4.0 and was classified as a moderate irritant to rabbit skin according to the Draize classification scheme. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Skin Irrit. 2; H315 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irritating)

Eye irritation

Link to relevant study records

Reference

Endpoint:

eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

2016

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)

Deviations:

no

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: room temperature in the dark

Species:

cattle

Strain:

not specified

Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:

TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Eyes from adult cattle (typically 12 to 60 months old) were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals.

Vehicle:

unchanged (no vehicle)

Controls:

yes, concurrent positive control

yes, concurrent negative control

Amount / concentration applied:

TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.75 mL

VEHICLE
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit):
- Concentration (if solution):
- Lot/batch no. (if required):
- Purity:

Duration of treatment / exposure:

10 minutes

Duration of post- treatment incubation (in vitro):

120 minutes

Number of animals or in vitro replicates:

3

Details on study design:

SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Eyes from adult cattle (typically 12 to 60 months old) were obtained from a local abattoir as a by-product from freshly slaughtered animals. The eyes were excised by an abattoir employee after slaughter, and were placed in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) supplemented with antibiotics (penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 μg/mL). They were transported to the test facility over ice packs on the same day of slaughter. The corneas were refrigerated on arrival and used within 24 hours of receipt.
All eyes were macroscopically examined before and after dissection. Only corneas free of damage were used. The cornea from each selected eye was removed leaving a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera to facilitate handling. The iris and lens were peeled away from the cornea. The isolated corneas were immersed in a dish containing Hank's Balanced Salt Solution until they were mounted in Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) holders. The anterior and posterior chambers of each BCOP holder were filled with complete Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) without phenol red and plugged. The holders were incubated at 32 ± 1 °C for 60 minutes. At the end of the incubation period each cornea was examined for defects. Only corneas free of damage were used.
The medium from both chambers of each holder was replaced with fresh complete EMEM. A pre-treatment opacity reading was taken for each cornea using a calibrated opacitometer. The average opacity for all corneas was calculated. Three corneas with opacity values close to the median value of all corneas were allocated to the negative control. Three corneas were also allocated to the test item and three corneas to the positive control item.

NUMBER OF REPLICATES
3 for test item, 3 for negative control, 3 for positive control

NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
Sodium chloride 0.9 % w/v

POSITIVE CONTROL USED
Ethanol

APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
The EMEM was removed from the anterior chamber of the BCOP holder and 0.75 mL of the test item or control items were applied to the appropriate corneas. The holders were gently tilted back and forth to ensure a uniform application of the item over the entire cornea. Each holder was incubated, anterior chamber uppermost, at 32 ± 1 °C for 10 minutes.

TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber

POST-INCUBATION PERIOD: yes

REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
At the end of the exposure period the test item and control items were removed from the anterior chamber and the cornea was rinsed three times with fresh complete EMEM containing phenol red before a final rinse with complete EMEM without phenol red. The anterior chamber was refilled with fresh complete EMEM without phenol red. A post-treatment opacity reading was taken and each cornea was visually observed.

- POST-EXPOSURE INCUBATION: 32 ± 1 °C for 120 minutes.

METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: change in opacity was calculated by subtracting the initial opacity reading from the final opacity reading. These values were then corrected by subtracting the average change in opacity observed for the negative control corneas. The mean opacity value of each treatment group was then calculated by averaging the corrected opacity values of each cornea for that treatment group.
- Corneal permeability: passage of sodium fluorescein dye measured with the aid of microtiter plate reader (OD490)
- Others (e.g, pertinent visual observations, histopathology): histopathology

SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)

DECISION CRITERIA:
IVIS = mean opacity value + (15 x mean permeability OD492 value)
Additionally, the opacity and permeability values were evaluated independently to determine whether the test item induced a response through only one of the two endpoints.
The condition of the cornea was visually assessed post treatment and post incubation.
The test item was classified according to the following prediction model:
IVIS Classification
≤ 3 No category. Not requiring classification to UN GHS or EU CLP
> 3; ≤55 No prediction of eye irritation can be made
> 55 Category 1. UN GHS or EU CLP Causes serious eye damage

Irritation parameter:

in vitro irritation score

Run / experiment:

Test Item

Value:

101.3

Vehicle controls validity:

not applicable

Negative controls validity:

valid

Positive controls validity:

valid

Remarks on result:

positive indication of irritation

Remarks:

see 'attached background material' for full results tables

Other effects / acceptance of results:

OTHER EFFECTS:
- Visible damage on test system: The corneas treated with the test item were opaque post treatment and post incubation. The corneas treated with the negative control item were clear post treatment and post incubation. The corneas treated with the positive control item were cloudy post treatment and post incubation.

ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: The negative control gave opacity of ≤ 2.9 and permeability ≤ 0.103. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: The positive control In Vitro Irritancy Score was within the range of 29.6 to 52.0. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.

Interpretation of results:

Category 1 (irreversible effects on the eye) based on GHS criteria

Conclusions:

The test material produced an IVIS of 101.3, which means the substance causes serious eye damage. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Eye Dam 1; H318 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

Executive summary:

A Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Assay was conducted using Vinyl Chloroacetate according to the OECD Testing Guideline 437. The study was GLP compliant. In this test method, damage by the test item is assessed by quantitative measurements of changes in corneal opacity and permeability. The undiluted test item was applied for 10 minutes followed by an incubation period of 120 minutes. Negative and positive control items were tested concurrently. The two endpoints, decreased light transmission through the cornea (opacity) and increased passage of sodium fluorescein dye through the cornea (permeability) were combined in an empirically derived formula to generate an In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS). The test material produced an IVIS of 101.3, which means the substance causes serious eye damage. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Eye Dam 1; H318 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

Endpoint conclusion

Endpoint conclusion:

adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)

Justification for classification or non-classification

The test material produced a primary irritation index of 4.0 in 3/3 rabbits and was considered as a moderate irritant to rabbit skin according to the Draize classification scheme. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Skin Irrit. 2; H315 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.

The test material produced an IVIS of 101.3, which means the substance causes serious eye damage. The test substance meets the criteria for classification as Eye Dam 1; H318 according to Regulation (EC) No.1272/2008.