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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 203-219-1 | CAS number: 104-61-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
Read-Across, OECD Guideline 301F, GLP, key study, validity 1:
82% biodegradation after 28 days, meeting the 10-day window.
Readily biodegradable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
Additional information
γ-nonalactone is a linear saturated 4-hydroxycarboxylic acid derived-lactone with 9 carbons. γ-decalactone is structurally similar compound of aliphatic lactones with 10 carbons. This substance is considered adequate for read-across purpose.
Three studies are available to assess the biodegradation of γ-nonalactone.
The first study, assess as a reliable key study, was performed on γ-decalactone in an aerobic aqueous media, according to OECD Guideline 301F. γ-decalactone was exposed to activated sewage sludge micro-organisms at a concentration of 100 mg/L with culture medium in sealed culture at 22°C for 28 days. The degradation of γ-decalactone was assessed by the measurement of daily oxygen consumption. Control solutions with inoculum and the reference substance, aniline, together with a toxicity control were used for validation purposes. γ-decalactone attained 82% degradation after 28 days, meeting the 10-day window, and therefore should be considered to be readily biodegradable.
The second study, assess as a not assignable supporting study, was performed on γ-nonalactone in an aerobic aqueous media, according to OECD Guideline 301 C. Due to the lacks of many endpoints required such as pH measurement or details on inoculum preparation, the reliability of this study cannot be evaluated. γ-nonalactone was exposed to activated sludge prepared by mixing three fresh samples at a concentration of 100 mg/L at 20°C for 28 days. The degradation of γ-nonalactone was assessed by the measurement of daily oxygen consumption. Control solutions with inoculum and the reference substance, aniline, was used for validation purposes. The degradation rate of the reference substance (aniline) started late (after 6 days only) but reached 10% after 7 days and 70% degradation after 28 days. γ-nonalactone attained 80% degradation after 28 days and therefore should be considered to be readily biodegradable.
The third study, assess as a reliable supporting study, was performed on γ-nonalactone, according to OECD Guideline 301 D. γ-nonalactone was exposed to activated sewage sludge (domestic) at a concentration of 2.84 mg/L. The degradation of γ-nonalactone was assessed by the determination of the oxygen consumption. Greater than 60% biodegradation of γ-nonalactone was reached on Day 21 and on Day 28, the biodegradation was 71%. However, γ-nonalactone did probably not meet the 14-day window.
In conclusion, based on a read-across approach and data available on γ-nonalactone, this substance is considered readily biodegradable.
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