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EC number: 233-794-4 | CAS number: 10361-79-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Skin irritation
The study of Haley et al. (1964) was considered as the key study for this endpoint. In this study, crystalline praseodymium trichloride was used unchanged for application in vivo in rabbits in intact as well as abraded skin. Based on the fact that no skin irritation was observed in intact skin after 24 h, it was concluded that the reference substance (i.e. anhydrous praseodymium trichloride) is not to be classified as skin irritant.
Eye irritation
Based on the results of an in vivo skin irritation study in rabbits performed with praseodymium trichloride (Haley et al., 1964), the substance would have to be classified as Eye irritant Cat. 2 under the CLP Regulation. However, because other rare earth chlorides (which already have been registered under REACH) have been classified consistently as Eye Damage Cat. 1 under the CLP Regulation, it is considered appropriate to classify praseodymium trichloride in this category as well, based on the precautionary principle, and without having to perform new studies. This is considered justified because these substances have a common mechanism for causing damage to the eye, which is driven by the release of hydrogen chloride when in contact with the ocular fluid. An overview of the available information for rare earth chlorides is attached to IUCLID Section 13. Because the classification was not based on the results of the study of Haley et al. (1964), this study (which was scored Klimisch 2, i.e. reliable with restrictions) was considered as supporting information and any new studies (in vitro or in vivo) have been waived.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Skin irritation / corrosion
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1963
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method of Draize et al. (1944) was used to study skin irritation in rabbits.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- No further data on test animals reported.
- Type of coverage:
- not specified
- Preparation of test site:
- other: intact and abraded skin
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Controls:
- not specified
- Amount / concentration applied:
- 0.5 g
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- Not entirely clear.
- Observation period:
- 7 days (up to 35 days for animals exposed to the test chemical on abraded skin)
- Number of animals:
- 6, sex not specified
- Details on study design:
- TEST SITE: no data reported
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE: no data reported
OBSERVATION TIME POINTS: not reported, but observations are reported after 24 h, 7 days, and 35 days (the latter only for abraded skin)
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system - Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 8
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Remarks:
- intact skin
- Irritation parameter:
- overall irritation score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- 24 h
- Score:
- 8
- Max. score:
- 8
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 35 days
- Remarks on result:
- probability of severe irritation
- Remarks:
- abraded skin
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- - Direct application of the test item to intact rabbit skin produced no irritation within 24 hours, and no delayed reaction after 7 days.
- On abraded skin, there was a severe reaction after 24 hours with a maximum irritation index of 8. No change in irritation index was observed over the following 14 days, but complete healing with scars of 25-30 mm in diameter occurred at 35 days.
- It was mentioned that the liberation of nascent hydrochloric acid from the test item by tissue fluids may explain the difference in response between intact and abraded skin. - Other effects:
- No additional information.
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- The test item was found to be irritating to abraded skin, but non-irritating to intact skin. Therefore, and considering the requirements of current test guidelines, the test substance is considered to be not classified according to the CLP Regulation.
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- an in vitro skin irritation study does not need to be conducted because adequate data from an in vivo skin irritation study are available
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (not irritating)
Eye irritation
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- other:
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1963
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The method of Draize et al. (1944) was used to study ocular irritation in rabbits.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- No further data on test animals reported.
- Vehicle:
- water
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent no treatment
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 0.1 mL into the conjunctival sac of one eye of each rabbit
- Concentration (if solution): 1:1 aqueous solution - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- not reported
- Observation period (in vivo):
- 4 weeks total, post-application
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3, sex not specified
- Details on study design:
- REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE: no data
SCORING SYSTEM: Draize scoring system - Irritation parameter:
- conjunctivae score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 20
- Max. score:
- 20
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: > 1 week
- Irritation parameter:
- cornea opacity score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 80
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- iris score
- Basis:
- mean
- Time point:
- other: 1 hour
- Score:
- 0
- Max. score:
- 10
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- No effects were observed on cornea or iris, however, increased blinking rate and a maximum irritation index of 20 on the conjunctiva were observed within 1 hour after application. The test item produced conjunctival ulcers which persisted for 1 week, after which complete healing occurred. Observations over the next 3 weeks did not disclose any residual damage to the eye structures.
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritating to eyes) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test item was found to produce conjunctival ulcers in rabbits, which persisted for one week but after that healed completely. No effect was observed on cornea or iris. Based on the results of this study, the test item praseodymium trichloride would have to be classified as Eye irritant Cat. 2, according to the CLP Regulation.
Referenceopen allclose all
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- adverse effect observed (irreversible damage)
Respiratory irritation
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no study available
Additional information
Skin irritation
In the study of Haley et al. (1964), no skin irritation was observed in intact skin in rabbits after 24 h. However, in abraded skin, a severe irritant response was observed. It was reported that this might have been caused by the liberation of hydrogen chloride from the test item through contact with the tissue fluids from the abraded skin. Considering this likely mechanism of skin irritation, it is advisable to use dermal protection when handling both dry praseodymium trichloride, hydrated forms, and aqueous solutions. Also, registrants may classify their aqueous solutions for skin irritation.
Eye irritation
In the in vivo study of Haley et al. (1964) in rabbits, no effects were observed on cornea or iris. However, conjunctival ulcers were observed within 1 h after application, which persisted for 1 week and after that healed completely. The results of this study would result in classification as Eye irritant Cat. 2 under the CLP Regulation. However, it was decided (based on the common mechanism for causing damage to the eye) to classify the substance as Eye damage Cat. 1 in consistency with other rare earth chlorides. An overview of the available information for other rare earth chlorides is attached to IUCLID Section 13. The study of Haley et al. (1964) was therefore assigned supporting status and further studies (in vivo or in vitro) have been waived.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Skin irritation
The reference substance, i.e. anhydrous praseodymium trichloride, is not classified for local effects in skin.
Eye irritation
Praseodymium trichloride is classified as Eye damage Cat. 1 under the CLP Regulation, in consistency with other rare earth chlorides.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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