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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1985-02-11 until 1985-02-15
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (C.E. Stephan, Chairman) (1975). Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Research Series EPA 660/3-75-009
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see fild below
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Public Health Association (1980). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15th ed. Washington, DC. 1134 p
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see fild below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The areas of deviation from the OECD guideline 203 (adopted 1992) are: Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study. Though no analyses of the cyanamide concentration in the test media were performed, it can be assumed that the concentration maintained was stable throughout the whole test, as cyanamide is known to be hydrolytically stable. Furthermore, in the algal inhibition test, the analyses show that no degradation occurred during the test period, which was 96 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly: Salmo gairdneri)
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- no post exposure period
- Hardness:
- not indicated
- Test temperature:
- Test solutions were maintained between 12.5 and 13.0°C.
- pH:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater was used.
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations of 64.8, 108.0, 180.0, 300.0, and 500.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- The acute toxicity of an aqueous solution of Hydrogen cyanamide (a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to unfed Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly: Salmo gairdneri), was determined in an unaerated, static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control, and nominal concentrations of 64.8, 108.0, 180.0, 300.0, and 500.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained between 12.5 and 13.0°C.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 45.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 31.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Details on results:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study. Mortality or sublethal effects were observed in all treatment groups. The lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 180.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Surviving fish exhibited effects such as quiescence, hyperexcitability, sounding, dark coloration, varied discoloration, erratic swimming or ceased swimming.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No reference
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Observed mortality of Rainbow trout,Oncorhynchusmykiss, exposed to a 49% aqueous solution of Cyanamide for 96 hours in an unaerated, static, acute test
Nominal concentrations of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L)
Cumulative mortality
(No. dead / No. at test start)
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Water Control
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
64.8
0/10
1/10
1/10
1/10
108.0
0/10
1/10
3/10
7/10
180.0
0/10
5/10
10/10
10/10
300.0
2/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
500.0
10/10
10/10
10/10
10/10
Observed sublethal effects on rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide for 96 hours in an unaerated, static, acute test
Nominal concentrations of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L)
Sublethal effects
(No. affected / No. at test start)
24 h
48 h
72 h
96 h
Water Control
0/10
0/10
0/10
0/10
64.8
0/10
9d/10
2d3f/10
3d6d,g/10
108.0
1c9d/10
9d/10
3d,b3a/10
3d,e/10
180.0
1c9d/10
5d,b/10
L
L
300.0
4b2a2d/10
L
L
L
500.0
L
L
L
L
a erratic swimming
b dark discolored
c ceased swimming
d quiescent
e varied discolored
f hyperexciteable
g sounding
L total mortality
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96-hour LC50 for the Rainbow trout was 93.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 45.6 mg of as/L, nominal not measured). The observed 96-hour no-effect concentration was less than 64.8 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 31.8 mg of as/L).
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of an aqueous solution of Hydrogen cyanamide (a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to unfed Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly: Salmo gairdneri), was determined in an unaerated, static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control, and nominal concentrations of 64.8, 108.0, 180.0, 300.0, and 500.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained between 12.5 and 13.0°C.
The 96-hour LC50 for the Rainbow trout was 93.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 45.6 mg of as/L, nominal not measured). The observed 96-hour no-effect concentration was less than 64.8 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 31.8 mg of as/L).
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1985-07-18 until 1985-07-22
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (C.E. Stephan, Chairman) (1975). Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Research Series EPA-660/3-75-009.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , see in the field below
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Public Health Association (1980). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15th ed. Washington, DC. 1134 p.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , see in the field below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The areas of deviation from the OECD guideline 203 (adopted 1992) are: Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study. The fish length of 34±3.6 mm is lower than the recommended fish length of 50±10 mm.
These deviations had no effect on the validity of the study. Though no analyses of the cyanamide concentration in the test media were performed, it can be assumed that the concentration maintained was stable throughout the whole test, as cyanamide is known to be hydrolytically stable. Furthermore, in the algal inhibition test (Seyfried 2000, 823-003; 8.2/09), the analyses show that no degradation occurred during the test period, which was 96 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure period
- Hardness:
- Not indicated
- Test temperature:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study.
- pH:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- The acute toxicity of LH 21,810 A (49% (w/w) solution of cyanamide) to unfed fingerling rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly: Salmo gairdneri), was determined in an unaerated, static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control, and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained between 11 and 13°C.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 88.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- other: lack of mortality and abnormal effects
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: lack of mortality and abnormal effects
- Details on results:
- There were no mortality below 125.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100% mortality was 250.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide /L. Surviving fish exhibited effects such as loss of equilibrium, dark discoloration and/or they were found on the bottom of test chambers at the test concentration of 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide /L during the 96-hour exposure period.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Observed mortality of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed to a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide for 96 hours in an unaerated, static, acute test:
Nominal concentrations of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide
(mg/L)Cumulative mortality
(No. dead / No. at test start)
24 ha
48 ha
96 ha
Water Control
0/10
0/10
0/10
31.2
0/10
0/10
0/10
62.5
0/10
0/10
0/10
125.0
0/10
0/10
0/10
250.0
0/10
0/10
10/10
500.0
0/10
10/10
10/10
1000.0
10/10
10/10
10/10
Acute toxicity to rainbow trout–Summary of endpoints:
Test substance
49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of Cyanamide
Test object
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Test duration
96 h
LC50
180.0 mg/L
88.2 mg of the pure ai/L
No observed effect concentration (NOEC)
62.5 mg/L
30.6 mg of the pure ai/L
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96-hour LC50 for the rainbow trout was 180.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 88.2 mg of the pure a.i./L). The results indicated a 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 62.5 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 30.6 mg of the pure a..i/L), which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of LH 21.810 (a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to unfed fingerling rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly: Salmo gairdneri) was determined in a static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. There were no mortality below 125.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100% mortality was 250.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide /L. Surviving fish exhibited effects such as loss of equilibrium, dark discoloration and/or they were found on the bottom of test chambers at the test concentration of 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide /L during the 96-hour exposure period. The 96-hour LC50 for the rainbow trout was 180.0 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 88.2 mg of the pure ai/L). The results indicated a 96-hour NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 62.5 mg of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 30.6 mg of the pure ai/L), which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1985
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Committee on Methods for Toxicity Tests with Aquatic Organisms (C.E. Stephan, Chairman) (1975). Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians. Environmental Protection Agency, Ecological Research Series EPA-660/3-75-009.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , see in the field below
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: American Public Health Association (1980). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 15th ed. Washington, DC. 1134 p.
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- , see in the field below
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The areas of deviation from the OECD guideline 203 (adopted 1992) are: Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study. Though no analyses of the cyanamide concentration in the test media were performed, it can be assumed that the concentration maintained was stable throughout the whole test, as cyanamide is known to be hydrolytically stable. Furthermore, in the algal inhibition test (Doc. No. 823-003) the analyses show that no degradation occurred during the test period, which was 96 hours.
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Details on sampling:
- No sampling
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Not indicated
- Test organisms (species):
- Lepomis macrochirus
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure period
- Hardness:
- Not indicated
- Test temperature:
- Test solutions were maintained at 22°C
- pH:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges. Analyses of the test solutions were not performed in this study.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of Cyanamide/L.
- Details on test conditions:
- The acute toxicity of LH 21.810 (a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to unfed juvenile Bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, was determined in a static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained at 22 °C.
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 43.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks:
- and abnormal effects
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 30.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Remarks:
- and abnormal effects
- Details on results:
- There was no mortality below 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The highest concentration causing no mortality was 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The abnormal effects of loss of equilibrium, fish on the bottom of test chambers and/or quiescence were observed in the 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L test concentrations.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Sublethal observations / clinical signs:
Mortality of Bluegill sunfish,Lepomis macrochirus, exposed to a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide for 96 hours in an unaerated, static, acute test
Nominal concentrations of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide (mg/L)
Cumulative mortality
(No. dead / No. at test start)
24 h
48 h
96 h
Water Control
0/10
0/10
0/10
31.2
0/10
0/10
0/10
62.5
0/10
0/10
0/10
125.0
0/10
0/10
10/10
250.0
0/10
0/10
10/10
500.0
5/10
10/10
10/10
1000.0
10/10
10/10
10/10
Acute toxicity (96 h) of Cyanamide toLepomis macrochirus–Summary of endpoints:
Endpoint
Nominal concentration of 49 % (w/w) aqueous solution of Cyanamide
LC50
88.0 mg/L (43.1 mg as/L)
No observed effect concentration (NOEC)
62.5 mg/L (30.6 mg as/L)
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96-hour LC50 in the Bluegill sunfish was 88.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 43.1 mg as/L, nominal-not measured). The results indicated a 96-hour, NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 30.6 mg of the pure as/L), which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects.
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of LH 21.810 (a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to unfed juvenile Bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus, was determined in a static, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained at 22°C. There was no mortality below 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The highest concentration causing no mortality was 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The abnormal effects of loss of equilibrium, fish on the bottom of test chambers and/or quiescence were observed in the 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L test concentrations. The 96-hour LC50 in the Bluegill sunfish was 88.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 43.1 mg as/L, nominal-not measured). The results indicated a 96-hour, NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 30.6 mg of the pure as/L), which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to fish
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Study period:
- 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 72-1 (Fish Acute Toxicity Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Mean measured concentrations of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were 61.0, 117.0, 232.0, 476.0, and 1040.0 mg/L and ranged from 93 to 104 % of nominal concentrations. In the test medium the test item was sufficiently stable during the test period of 96 hours.
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 63.0, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
- Test organisms (species):
- Cyprinus carpio
- Details on test organisms:
- Not indicated
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- No post exposure observation period
- Hardness:
- Not indicated
- Test temperature:
- 22°C
- pH:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- Dissolved oxygen:
- All chemical and physical parameters (dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature) in the definitive test were within expected ranges.
- Salinity:
- Freshwater
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations of 63.0, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
Mean measured concentrations of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were 61.0, 117.0, 232.0, 476.0, and 1040.0 mg/L . - Details on test conditions:
- Test vessels containing 10 fish each
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 80.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality (fish)
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 29.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (initial)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- behaviour
- Remarks on result:
- other: The NOEC concentration, based on mean measured concentrations, was estimated to be 61.0 mg of the 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 29.9 mg as/L).
- Details on results:
- There were no mortality below 250.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and no sublethal effects below 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The highest concentration causing no mortality was 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 250.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Behavioural/sublethal effects noted during the study included surfacing, erratic swimming, pectoral fins retracted and immobile, fish on bottom of test aquaria, defecating and quiescence. These effects were noted among the fish at test concentration of 125.0, 250.0, and 500.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Therefore, a no-effect concentration - based on mean measured concentrations - was determined to be 61.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L.
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- No positive control
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Not indicated
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 96-hour LC50 to Carp was 165.0 mg of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 80.9 mg as/L). The no-observed effect concentration was estimated to be 61.0 mg of the 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 29.9 mg as/L).
- Executive summary:
The acute toxicity of a 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide to unfed juvenile Carp, Cyprinus carpio, was determined in a flow-through, 96-hour test. Treatments consisted of a water control and nominal concentrations of 63.0, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. Test solutions were maintained at 22°C. The samples of the test medium were analysed using an UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. Mean measured concentrations of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide were 61.0, 117.0, 232.0, 476.0, and 1040.0 mg/L and ranged from 93 to 104 % of nominal concentrations. In the test medium the test item was sufficiently stable during the test period of 96 hours. There were no mortality below 250.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and no sublethal effects below 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The highest concentration causing no mortality was 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 250.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Behavioural/sublethal effects noted during the study included surfacing, erratic swimming, pectoral fins retracted and immobile, fish on bottom of test aquaria, defecating and quiescence. These effects were noted among the fish at test concentration of 125.0, 250.0, and 500.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Therefore, a no-effect concentration - based on mean measured concentrations - was determined to be 61.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The 96-hour LC50 to Carp was 165.0 mg of the 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 80.9 mg as/L). The no-observed effect concentration was estimated to be 61.0 mg of the 49% aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 29.9 mg as/L).
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
A short term toxicity to fish was examined in four available studies with the test substance cyanamide (49% (w/w) solution of cyanamide).
Most of the studies were conducted in a 96 hour static test with different species of unfed freshwater fish. A LC50 of 43.1 as mg/L and a NOEC of 30.6 mg as/L were obtained in the key study with Bluegill sunfish (lepomis macrochirus) fish.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water fish
Fresh water fish
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect concentration:
- 43.1 mg/L
Additional information
The acute toxicity of cyanamide (49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide) to fish was examined in four available studies which were conducted in a similar way. The four studies were performed with different fish species, unfed in a static (except for Bowman´s study), 96-hour test. Altogether the key study and the supporting studies exhibited a low toxicity to fish.
In the key study (McAllistar, 1985, Doc.No., 821-002) Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) were treated with nominal concentrations of 31.2, 62.5, 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. Test vessels containing 10 fish each were exposed to each treatment concentration and control. There was no mortality below 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The highest concentration causing no mortality was 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L and the lowest concentration causing 100 % mortality was 125.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L. The abnormal effects of loss of equilibrium, fish on the bottom of test chambers and/or quiescence were observed in the 125.0, 250.0, 500.0, and 1000.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L test concentrations. The 96-hour LC50 in the Bluegill sunfish was 88.0 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 43.1 mg as/L, nominal-not measured). The results indicated a 96-hour, NOEC (no observed effect concentration) of 62.5 mg of a 49% (w/w) aqueous solution of cyanamide/L (equivalent to 30.6 mg of the pure as/L), which was based on the lack of mortality and abnormal effects.
In another study of McAllistar (1985, Doc.No., 821-001) which was also conducted with Bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) a EC50 of 83.2 mg as/L of cyanamide and a similar NOEC to the one of the key study: 30.6 as mg/L cyanamide were obtained.
A study conducted in a flow-through conditions with Carp (Cyprinus carpius) fish (Bowman, 1990, Doc. No., 821-003) obtained a LC50 of 80.9 as mg/L and a NOEC of 29.9 as mg/L of cyanamide.
In a study conducted with Rainbow trout (Oncorrhynchus mykiss) fish similar results to the key study were obtaine d: EC50 of 45.6 as mg/L and a NOEC of 31.8 as mg/L.
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