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EC number: 206-992-3 | CAS number: 420-04-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water and sediment: simulation tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: sediment simulation testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2000-03-03 until 2000-09-25
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 308 (Aerobic and Anaerobic Transformation in Aquatic Sediment Systems)
- Version / remarks:
- 1999 (Draft Guideline)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA Subdivision N Pesticide Guideline 162-4 (Aerobic Aquatic Metabolism)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SETAC (Europe): Procedures for assessing the environmental fate and ecotoxicity of pesticides, Part 8.2-Aerobic Aquatic Systems (1995)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- No test surrogate/analogue material
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- natural water / sediment
- Details on source and properties of surface water:
- The aerobic aquatic degradation of [14C]-cyanamide was studied in two disparate water/sediment systems: pond and river system. The river water/sediment system was collected at the Goose River, Grand Forks County, North Dakota, USA, and the pond system at the Golden Lake, Steele County, North Dakota, USA. The sediment and water characteristics of both systems are summarised in the table, presented in the field; "Any other information on materials and methods".
- Details on source and properties of sediment:
- See the field above
- Details on inoculum:
- No inoculum was added in the strictest sense, but natural water and sediment was used.
- Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 3 mg/L
- Based on:
- act. ingr.
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- other: CO2 evolution and radiochem. meas.
- Details on study design:
- The water/sediment systems were allowed to acclimatise for 16 days at 20 ± 1 °C in the dark to allow stabilisation of oxygen concentration, pH and redox potentials; these parameters were also measured at each sampling point. [14C]-cyanamide was dissolved in acetone and a [12C]/[14C]-isotopic dilution was prepared by adding non-radiolabelled cyanamide in order to ensure an adequate amount of test material.
This test solution was applied dropwise on the water surface of each test system at a nominal rate of 3.0 mg as/L corresponding to a field application rate of 30 kg as/ha. After treatment, the samples were connected to flow-through systems and incubated at 20 ± 1 °C in the dark for a period of 28 days. Humidified air was drawn across the surface of the water during the entire course of the study and the water surface was gently agitated by means of a suspended magnetic stirrer. For the trapping of volatile degradation products the test vessels were connected to NaOH and ethylene glycol traps. Samples were taken immediate after application and after 1, 2, 6, 12, 21 and 28 days. - Reference substance:
- not specified
- Test performance:
- No unusual observations during test and no other information affecting results.
- Compartment:
- other: water / sediment, material (mass) balance
- Remarks on result:
- other: For an appropriate detailed answer, see in fields: "Details on results" and "remarks on results including table".
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 2.3 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the river system
- Key result
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 4.3 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the pond system
- Compartment:
- entire system
- DT50:
- 2.5 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the river system
- Compartment:
- entire system
- DT50:
- 4.8 d
- Type:
- (pseudo-)first order (= half-life)
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the pond system
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 7.7 d
- Type:
- other: DT90
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the river system
- Compartment:
- water
- DT50:
- 14.4 d
- Type:
- other: DT90
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the pond system
- Compartment:
- entire system
- DT50:
- 8.2 d
- Type:
- other: DT90
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the river system
- Compartment:
- entire system
- DT50:
- 15.8 d
- Type:
- other: DT90
- Remarks on result:
- other: in the pond system
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on transformation products:
- In the river system, cyanamide was degraded to 8 minor radioactive fractions. Two degradation products were identified as urea and dicyandiamide amounting to 6.7 % and 0.3 % of applied radioactivity, respectively. One degradation product, which accounted for 5.5 % of applied radioactivity, did not co-chromatograph with the available reference standards. All other degradation products present did not exceed a maximum level of 0.3 % of applied radioactivity. In the pond system, cyanamide was degraded to 4 components. Urea was the main degradation product amounting to a maximum of 13.4 % of applied radioactivity on day 1 and decreasing continuously thereafter to represent 1.2 % of the applied radioactivity on day 21. All other degradation products present did not exceed a maximum level of 5 % of applied radioactivity.
DT50 and DT90 values of urea: The DT50 and DT90 values of urea were also calculated using first-order kinetics. The DT50 values in the water phase were calculated to be 2.7 and 7.5 days for the river and pond systems, respectively, and the DT90 values were determined to be 9.1 days and 11.6 days, respectively. In the total water sediment systems urea was degraded with half-lives of 2.9 days (river) and 8.0 days (pond). The DT90 values for the total systems were calculated to be 9.6 days in the river system and 26.7 days in the pond system. - Evaporation of parent compound:
- no
- Volatile metabolites:
- yes
- Residues:
- yes
- Details on results:
- Mass balance: Total mean recoveries obtained during the study were 95.4 ± 4.1 % and 95.7 ± 4.0 % of the applied radioactivity for the river and pond systems, respectively.
Distribution between water and sediment: Radioactivity in the water phases of both test systems decreased continuously throughout the incubation period reaching 0.2 % (river) and 0.8 % (pond) after 28 days. The extractable radioactivity from sediments increased to maximum amounts of 4.9 % for river and 8.2 % for pond on days 2 and 6, respectively, and decreased thereafter to 0.7 % (river) and 1.2 % (pond) of the applied radioactivity on day 28.
Non-extractable residues: Non-extractable residues in the sediment increased during the incubation period and peaked at 11.0 % and 7.8 % of the applied radioactivity on days 28 and 21 for the river and pond system, respectively.
Volatile degradation products: The formation of CO2 was very high, accounting for a maximum of 86.1 % and 83.5 % of the applied radioactivity on day 28 for the river and pond systems, respectively. Other volatile compounds did not exceed 0.1 % of the applied radioactivity.
Cyanamide concentrations: The amount of [14C]-cyanamide in the water phases decreased continuously to a minimum of 0.1 % of applied radioactivity on days 12 and 28 in the river and pond systems, respectively. In the sediment extracts of the river system, cyanamide was detected from day 1 to day 6 at a maximum concentration of 3.1 % of applied radioactivity. In pond sediment extracts cyanamide was detected from day 1 to day 12 amounting to a maximum of 4.7 % of applied radioactivity.
Principal degradation products: In the river system, cyanamide was degraded to 8 minor radioactive fractions. Two degradation products were identified as urea and dicyandiamide amounting to 6.7 % and 0.3 % of applied radioactivity, respectively. One degradation product, which accounted for 5.5 % of applied radioactivity, did not co-chromatograph with the available reference standards. All other degradation products present did not exceed a maximum level of 0.3 % of applied radioactivity. In the pond system, cyanamide was degraded to 4 components. Urea was the main degradation product amounting to a maximum of 13.4 % of applied radioactivity on day 1 and decreasing continuously thereafter to represent 1.2 % of the applied radioactivity on day 21. All other degradation products present did not exceed a maximum level of 5 % of applied radioactivity.
DT50 and DT90 values of cyanamide: The degradation of cyanamide in water/sediment systems was best described by first order degradation kinetics. The DT50 values in the water phase were calculated to be 2.3 and 4.3 days for the river and pond systems, respectively, and the DT90 values were determined to be 7.7 days and 14.4 days, respectively. In the total water sediment systems cyanamide was degraded with half-lives of 2.5 days (river) and 4.8 days (pond). The DT90 values for the total systems were calculated to be 8.2 days in the river system and 15.8 days in the pond system.
DT50 and DT90 values of urea: The DT50 and DT90 values of urea were also calculated using first-order kinetics. The DT50 values in the water phase were calculated to be 2.7 and 7.5 days for the river and pond systems, respectively, and the DT90 values were determined to be 9.1 days and 11.6 days, respectively. In the total water sediment systems urea was degraded with half-lives of 2.9 days (river) and 8.0 days (pond). The DT90 values for the total systems were calculated to be 9.6 days in the river system and 26.7 days in the pond system - Results with reference substance:
- No reference substance
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- It can be concluded that the elimination of [14C]-cyanamide from the water/sediment systems proceeded mainly via mineralisation to CO2. Degradation of cyanamide to other metabolites and incorporation into the organic matter of the sediment were of minor importance. The estimated half-life of cyanamide from the water phase of the aquatic systems was 2.3 days for the river system and 4.3 days for the pond system, respectively. One major metabolite was detected in the pond system (13.4 % of applied radioactivity) and identified as urea. The estimated DT50 value of urea was 7.6 days in the total pond system indicating a transient nature. In the river system no metabolite exceeded the 10 % level.
- Executive summary:
The aerobic aquatic degradation of [14C]-cyanamide was studied in two disparate water/sediment systems: pond and river system. After acclimatisation of the two systems the test solution was applied dropwise on the water surface of each test system at a nominal rate of 3.0 mg as/L corresponding to a field application rate of 30 kg as/ha. After treatment, the samples were connected to flow-through systems and incubated at 20 ± 1 °C in the dark for a period of 28 days. For the trapping of volatile degradation products the test vessels were connected to NaOH and ethylene glycol traps. Samples were taken immediate after application and after 1, 2, 6, 12, 21 and 28 days.
Results showed that the elimination of [14C]-cyanamide from the water/sediment systems proceeded mainly via mineralisation to CO2. Degradation of cyanamide to other metabolites and incorporation into the organic matter of the sediment were of minor importance. The estimated half-life (TD50) of cyanamide from the water phase of the aquatic systems was 2.3 days for the river system and 4.3 days for the pond system, respectively and the DT90 values were determined to be 7.7 days and 14.4 days, respectively. In the total water sediment systems cyanamide was degraded with half-lives of 2.5 days (river) and 4.8 days (pond). The DT90 values for the total systems were calculated to be 8.2 days in the river system and 15.8 days in the pond system.
One major metabolite was detected in the pond system (13.4 % of applied radioactivity) and identified as urea: The DT50 and DT90 values of urea were also calculated using first-order kinetics. The DT50 values in the water phase were calculated to be 2.7 and 7.5 days for the river and pond systems, respectively, and the DT90 values were determined to be 9.1 days and 11.6 days, respectively. In the total water sediment systems urea was degraded with half-lives of 2.9 days (river) and 8.0 days (pond). The DT90 values for the total systems were calculated to be 9.6 days in the river system and 26.7 days in the pond system.
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: simulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water
- Data waiving:
- study scientifically not necessary / other information available
- Justification for data waiving:
- the study does not need to be conducted because the substance is readily biodegradable
Referenceopen allclose all
Percent distribution of applied radioactivity and mass balance in water/sediment systems treated with [14C]-Cyanamide:
Day | Organic volatiles | CO2 | Radioactivity in water | Sediment extractable | Sediment unextractable | Total recovered |
[% of applied radioactivity] | ||||||
| River | |||||
0 | n.a. | n.a. | 102.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 102.8 |
1 | < 0.1 | 5.0 | 85.7 | 4.5 | 1.2 | 96.4 |
2 | < 0.1 | 12.3 | 69.9 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 90.4 |
6 | < 0.1 | 67.8 | 16.8 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 94.5 |
12 | < 0.1 | 79.6 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 10.7 | 93.3 |
21 | < 0.1 | 81.8 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 9.3 | 92.3 |
28 | < 0.1 | 86.1 | 0.2 | 0.7 | 11.0 | 98.0 |
| Pond | |||||
0 | n.a. | n.a. | 98.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 99.2 |
1 | < 0.1 | 5.3 | 86.1 | 6.3 | 1.5 | 99.1 |
2 | < 0.1 | 7.7 | 83.1 | 7.2 | 2.1 | 100.1 |
6 | < 0.1 | 28.6 | 53.3 | 8.2 | 3.9 | 94.0 |
12 | < 0.1 | 66.4 | 13.3 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 90.1 |
21 | < 0.1 | 81.9 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 7.8 | 95.9 |
28 | < 0.1 | 83.5 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 6.0 | 91.6 |
n.a.: not analysed
Percent distribution of applied radioactivity and mass balance in water phase of an aerobic aquatic system treated with [14C]-cyanamide:
Day | Cyanamide | Urea | Dicyandiamide | |||
water phase | sediment | water phase | sediment | water phase | sediment | |
[% of applied radioactivity] | ||||||
| River | |||||
0 | 101.2 | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. |
1 | 76.9 | 3.1 | 5.8 | 0.4 | n.d. | n.d. |
2 | 59.3 | 3.1 | 6.1 | 0.6 | n.d. | n.d. |
6 | 13.1 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 0.4 | n.d. | 0.3 |
12 | 0.1 | n.a. | 0.1 | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. |
21 | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. |
28 | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. |
| Pond | |||||
0 | 96.7 | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.d. |
1 | 72.0 | 4.0 | 11.8 | 1.6 | n.d. | n.d. |
2 | 72.0 | 4.7 | 8.6 | 1.6 | n.d. | n.d. |
6 | 43.3 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 1.1 | n.d. | n.d. |
12 | 6.9 | 2.0 | 5.5 | 1.4 | n.d. | n.d. |
21 | 1.3 | n.a. | 1.2 | n.a. | n.d. | n.d. |
28 | 0.1 | n.a. | n.d. | n.a. | n.d. | n.d. |
n.a.: not analysed due to the low amount extracted
n.d.: not detected or below limit of quantification
DT50and DT90values for cyanamide and urea in water/sediment systems:
| System | DT50(days) | DT90(days) | r2 |
Cyanamide |
| River |
|
|
| water | 2.3 | 7.7 | 0.9969 |
| total system | 2.5 | 8.2 | 0.9957 |
|
| Pond |
|
|
| water | 4.3 | 14.4 | 0.9898 |
| total system | 4.8 | 15.8 | 0.9895 |
Urea |
| River |
|
|
| water | 2.7 | 9.1 | 0.966 |
| total system | 2.9 | 9.6 | 0.965 |
|
| Pond |
|
|
| water | 7.5 | 11.6 | 0.939 |
| total system | 8.0 | 26.7 | 0.935 |
Description of key information
In two water/sediment systems, DT50 values of 2.5 days (river) and 4.8 days (pond) for the whole systems and half-lives of 2.3 days (river) and 4.3 days (pond) for the water phase were calculated. Elimination of [14C]-cyanamide from the water/sediment systems proceeded mainly via mineralisation to CO2. Only one major metabolite, identified as urea, was detected in the Pond system. For urea DT50 values of 2.9 days (river) and 7.6 days (pond) for the whole systems and half-lives of 2.7 days (river) and 7.5 days (pond) for the water phase were calculated. In the sediments, neither the parent substance nor degradation products were detected in significant amounts.The investigations on route and rate of degradation of 14C-cyanamide demonstrate that cyanamide is rapidly degraded in two different water/sediment aquatic model systems: river and pond.
Based on these data, the substance was judged to be ready biodegrdable.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in freshwater:
- 4.3 d
- at the temperature of:
- 293 K
Additional information
The aerobic aquatic degradation of [14C]-cyanamide was studied in two disparate water/sediment systems: pond and river system. After acclimatisation of the two systems the test solution was applied dropwise on the water surface of each test system at a nominal rate of 3.0 mg as/L corresponding to a field application rate of 30 kg as/ha. After treatment, the samples were connected to flow-through systems and incubated at 20 ± 1 °C in the dark for a period of 28 days. For the trapping of volatile degradation products the test vessels were connected to NaOH and ethylene glycol traps. Samples were taken immediate after application and after 1, 2, 6, 12, 21 and 28 days.
Results showed that the elimination of [14C]-cyanamide from the water/sediment systems proceeded mainly via mineralisation to CO2. DT50 values of 2.5 days (river) and 4.8 days (pond) for the whole systems and half-lives of 2.3 days (river) and 4.3 days (pond) for the water phase were calculated. Only one major metabolite, identified as urea, was detected in the Pond system at maximum amounts of 13.4 % of applied radioactivity at day 1. In the river system urea was also detected at concentrations up to 6.7 % of applied radioactivity at day 2. Thereafter, the urea concentration decreased continuously and after 21 days it was no longer detectable in both aquatic systems. For urea DT50 values of 2.9 days (river) and 7.6 days (pond) for the whole systems and half-lives of 2.7 days (river) and 7.5 days (pond) for the water phase were calculated. In the sediments, neither the parent substance nor degradation products were detected in significant amounts.
Biological degradation in water/sediment i.e. in biologically active water systems plays the most important role for cyanamide dissipation in aquatic systems. Hydrolysis and photolysis play a minor role in the degradation of cyanamide in water. As a conclusion, the investigations on route and rate of degradation of 14C-Cyanamide demonstrate that Cyanamide was rapidly degraded in two different water/sediment aquatic model systems: river and pond. Additionally the major pathway of degradation of 14C-Cyanamide was evaluated by determining the identities and quantitative contributions of significant degradation products. The most prominent degradation product was found to be urea. Based on these data, the substance was judged to be ready biodegradable.
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