4-chlorobenzonitrile

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: no guideline reported

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Probit analysis (> EC10, EC50) and Williams-Test (> NOEC, LOEC) of data presented in IUCLID entry '623-03-0_4-Chlorbenzonitril_bacteria_cell_inhibition_1990.pdf'.

GLP compliance:

no

Duration:

18 h

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

52 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: inhibition of cell multiplication

Key result

Duration:

18 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

138 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: inhibition of cell multiplication

Duration:

18 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

26 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: inhibition of cell multiplication

Duration:

18 h

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

52 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: inhibition of cell multiplication

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The 18-h EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile for Pseudomonas putida is 138 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The EC10 and EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile as well as the NOEC and LOEC were calculated by using probit analysis and the Williams-Test, respectively, on the data presented by Coenen, 1990. The following results were presented:

- EC10 (18 h) =        52 mg/L

- EC50 (18 h) =       138 mg/L

- LOEC (18 h) =        52 mg/L

- NOEC (18 h) =        26 mg/L

Reference 2

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: TETRATOX-Test

GLP compliance:

not specified

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Tetrahymena pyriformis

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

137 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not applicable

Conclusions:

The 48-h EC50 (basis for effect: growth inhibition) of 4-chlorobenzonitrile for Tetrahymena pyriformis is 137 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The toxicity of 4-chlorobenzonitrile to the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis was determined in a 48-h TETRATOX-Test. 0.75 % DMSO was used as vehicle. At this concentration DMSO was stated to have no toxic effects on the population growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

The 48-h EC50 was determined to be 137 mg/L (nominal concentration).

Reference 3

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

reference to other study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

other: no guideline reported

Principles of method if other than guideline:

MicrotoxTM-test; no details reported, secondary reference

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Vibrio fisheri

Test type:

static

Water media type:

saltwater

Total exposure duration:

15 min

Key result

Duration:

15 min

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

8.7 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

other: bioluminescence

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

The 15 min EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile for the bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri is 8.7 mg/L.

Executive summary:

The EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile was determined in a Microtox-test. The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri was exposed to the test substance for a total duration of 15 min.

The EC50 was determined to be 8.7 mg/L.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Study period:

April 1990

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

other: Bewertung wassergefährdender Stoffe, III Bestimmung der akuten Bakterientoxizität, LTwS Nr. 20, September 1979 (UBA)

GLP compliance:

yes

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Test organisms (species):

Pseudomonas putida

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

18 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

± 2 h

Key result

Duration:

18 h

Dose descriptor:

other: toxicity threshold

Effect conc.:

50.6 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth inhibition

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The toxicity threshold value of 4-Chlorobenzonitrile is 50.6 mg/L for Pseudomonas putida. The ‘Bewertungszahl' (Assessment figure or value for bacterio toxicity) is therefore 4.3 (Bewertung wassergefährdender Stoffe, 1979).

Executive summary:

4-chlorobenzonitrile was investigated for its ability to inhibit the cell multiplication of the bacteria species Pseudomonas putida. Cultures of Pseudomonas putida bacteria were exposed to dilution series of 4-chlorobenzonitrile.

Samples of the 4 -chlorobenzonitrile dilution taken for analysis of the actual concentration, revealed that the bacteria were esposed to concentrations ranging from 206 to 0.16 mg 4-chlorobenzonitrile per liter.

After incubation the extinction values of the bacterial cell suspensions were measured and a toxicity threshold value of 4-chlorobenzonitrile of 50.6 mg/L for Pseudomonas putida was determined. The ‘Bewertungszahl' (Assessment figure or value for bacterio toxicity) is therefore 4.3 (Bewertung wassergefährdender Stoffe, 1979).

Description of key information

The most sensitive result for freshwater micororganisms is available for Tetrahymena pyriformis. The 48-h EC50 was determined to be 137 mg/L (> key value for freshwater).
The available 15 min EC50 for the marine bioluminiscent bacterium Vibrio fisheri is 8.7 mg/L (> key value for saltwater).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

137 mg/L

Additional information

4-chlorobenzonitrile was investigated for its ability to inhibit the cell multiplication of the bacteria species Pseudomonas putida. Cultures of Pseudomonas putida bacteria were exposed to dilution series of 4-chlorobenzonitrile.

Samples of the 4-chlorobenzonitrile dilution taken for analysis of the actual concentration, revealed that the bacteria were exposed to concentrations ranging from 206 to 0.16 mg 4-chlorobenzonitrile per liter.

After incubation the extinction values of the bacterial cell suspensions were measured and a toxicity threshold value of 4-chlorobenzonitrile of 50.6 mg/L for Pseudomonas putida was determined. The ‘Bewertungszahl' (Assessment figure or value for bacterio toxicity) is therefore 4.3 (Bewertung wassergefährdender Stoffe, 1979).

The EC10 and EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile as well as the NOEC and LOEC values were calculated by using probit analysis and the Williams-Test, respectively, on the data presented by Coenen, 1990. The following results were presented:

- EC10 (18 h) = 52 mg/L

- EC50 (18 h) = 138 mg/L

- LOEC (18 h) = 52 mg/L

- NOEC (18 h) = 26 mg/L

The EC50 of 4-chlorobenzonitrile was determined in a Microtox-test. The bioluminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fisheri was exposed to the test substance for a total duration of 15 min. The EC50 was determined to be 8.7 mg/L.

The toxicity of 4-chlorobenzonitrile to the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis was determined in a 48-h TETRATOX-Test. 0.75 % DMSO was used as vehicle. At this concentration DMSO was stated to have no toxic effects on the population growth of Tetrahymena pyriformis.

The 48-h EC50 was determined to be 137 mg/L (nominal concentration).