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EC number: 297-701-9 | CAS number: 93686-48-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- there were minor deviations not affecting the validity of the study
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- DETAILS ON PREPARATION
As the solubility of the test item in the test medium was below 100 mg/L, the test solution was prepared as follows. The load of 781 mg/L (corresponding to a volume of 0.884 mL/L based on a density of 0.883 g/mL) was added to the corresponding amount of nutrient medium (demineralised water enriched with minerals but without algae) and homogenised for 30 minutes at 30°C in an ultrasonic bath. Afterwards, the solution was stirred for 30 minutes on a magnetic stirrer. Then, the solution was homogenised again using ultrasonic for 15 min and afterwards stirred for 15 minutes. The resulting clouded solution was filtrated through 0.45 µm nylon filters. An aliquot was examined for colloidal particles by testing the solution with a laser for the Tyndall effect.
This solution was stated as the 100 % saturated solution. The lower treatments were prepared by dilution of this solution. According to the information of the sponsor, stability was not given over a period of more than 24 hours. In the alga test, a medium renewal every 24h of the test solution to ensure exposure to the parent substance is not possible. Therefore, it was expected that exposure to the degradation products occurred after 24h.
The study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 78.1 to 781 mg/L nominal concentration resp. 10 – 100 % saturation. Incubation time was 72 hours. The cell concentration of each replicate was determined by measuring the absorption of the solutions at 440 nm every 24 hours with a spectral photometer. The cell density of the cultures was calculated based on the correlation curve between the adsorption and the cell density of the cultures determined by microscope counts. Growth rate µ, area under the growth curve (AUC ) and the yield were determined from the cell densities at the respective observation times. - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- Unicellular freshwater green alga.
Genus, Species Desmodesmus subspicatus
Strain CHODAT
Family Scenedesmacea
Order Sphaeropleales
Origin and Culture:
The culture of Desmodesmus subspicatus was obtained in Oct. 2011 by MBM Science-bridge GmbH (Institut für Pflanzenphysiologie of Universität Göttingen). The algae are kept as stock culture on solid agar at 8 °C. From the stock culture, a permanent culture was prepared.
Seven days before the start of the test, an aliquot of the stock culture containing a few cells was brought into pre-culture medium and incubated for 72 hours. The resulting culture is growing exponentially.
Before usage, the culture was checked on the absence of cell aggregates. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Test temperature:
- 24 – 25 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 10 / 18 / 32 / 56 / 100 % saturation (loading rate of 781 mg/L)
Limit of solubility = approx. 2.8 mg/L, based on the geometric mean of the measured DOC concentration in the fresh prepared solutions - Details on test conditions:
- Date: 22. – 25. Feb. 2013
Treatments tested: 10 / 18 / 32 / 56 / 100 % saturation
Number of replicates: six replicates for the control
three replicates for each treatment
Vessels: glass flasks 50 mL
Duration: 72 hours
Temperature: 24 – 25 °C
Lighting: 5800 Lux
Control: deionised water with nutrient medium and alga
Treatments: test solution with nutrient medium and alga
For each treatment, 200 mL of the respective test item solution was mixed with the necessary amount of algal pre-culture (0.77 mL) to achieve a cell concentration of approx. 2 *103 cells/mL. In this mixture, the pH-value was measured.
For the control, nutrient medium was used instead of test item solution. The test vessels were completely filled with the respective test solution and incubated for 72 hours, shaken on an orbital shaker. Before the start of incubation and every 24 hours, the cell number was calculated based on the determination of the absorption at 440 nm. After the test, the pH value in treatments and control was measured again.
At the end of the test, the treatments were examined microscopically in order to assess the appearance of the alga and detect abnormalities (e.g. caused by the exposure to the test item).
The content of the test item in the test vessels was measured at the start and every 24 hours during the test throug DOC measurements.
Due to a writing error in the study plan, the test concentration was 781 mg/L instead of 100 mg/L. As both concentrations are far above the limit of solubility of the test item and the saturated solution was tested this was stated as uncritical. - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 (CAS No. 7778-50-9)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 781 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 2.6 other: mg/L (approximately equal to the solubility limit)
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 3.1 other: mg/L (approx. the solubility limit)
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- ca. 1.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- For the endpoints µ, AUC and Yield, the differences between the nominal treatment 1.12 mg/L (32 % saturation) and the control can be considered as not significant (level of significance: 97.5 %) as the calculated t-values were smaller than the limit of significance. Therefore, the nominal concentration 1.12 mg/L (32 % saturation) is stated as NOEC for these endpoints.
For the endpoints µ, AUC and Yield, the differences between the nominal treatment 1.96 mg/L (56 % saturation) and the control must be considered as significant (level of signifi-cance: 97.5 %), the nominal concentration 1.96 mg/L (56 % saturation) can be stated as LOEC for these endpoints. - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50s of potassium dichromate were determined in a separate GLP study. For the estimation of the EC50s of the positive control, the fits showed sufficient statistical correspondence of the data with the dose-response-equation. The values were within the normal range of the laboratory (72h ErC50 between 0.60 – 1.03 mg/L).
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- The estimation of the EC50s of the test item was accomplished using the software OriginTM.
The data were evaluated using linear fit on a probability-logarithmic scale. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- The cell concentration in the control increased by a factor of 252. Mean coefficient of variation of daily growth rates was 32% and coefficient of variation of average growth rate during the test was < 1%. The change in the pH of the control was 0.1 unit.
- Conclusions:
- 72h ErC50 > limit of solubility (approx. 2.7 mg/L in the test media) with a loading rate of 781 mg/L
72h ErC10 = 2.6 mg/L (approx. the limit of solubility)
According to the available information on stability, hydrolysis of the substance is expected between 24h and 48h in water. As for the algal test renewal of the test medium is not possible (as done for the fish and daphnid tests), it is likely that the toxicity of the degradation products is observed here, rather than the toxicity of the parent substance PHOSPHOROUS ACID, TRI-C12-14-ALKYL ESTERS. - Executive summary:
The study was performed using five concentrations ranging from 10 – 100 % saturation, using a loading rate of 781 mg/L.
Due to the lack of suitable analytical method, the DOC concentrations were measured in solutions and were used to determine the test item concentration during the test. The limit of solubility of the test item in the algal test media was estimated to be 2.7 mg/L.
The two highest concentrations showed significant toxicity and the following results were determined:
72h ErC50 > limit of solubility (approx. 2.7 mg/L in the test media) with a loading rate of 781 mg/L
72h ErC10 = 2.6 mg/L (approx. the limit of solubility)
According to the available information on the substance stability, degradation is expected in water after 24h. As for the algal test renewal of the medium is not possible, it is expected that the observed toxicity is related to the degradation products (and in particular dodecan-1-ol) rather than the parent substance.
Reference
The cell numbers were determined by photometric measurement of optical density. The means and standard deviations of the cell numbers of the control and the treatments are presented in the following table:
Nominal Concentration in % saturation |
Parameter |
Cell Number/mL |
|||
|
|
0 h |
24 h |
48 h |
72 h |
0 |
Mean |
2206 |
26840 |
144493 |
555544 |
0 |
SD |
0 |
2483 |
15999 |
13211 |
10 |
Mean |
2206 |
29413 |
147802 |
549662 |
10 |
SD |
0 |
4176 |
9616 |
21341 |
18 |
Mean |
2206 |
36767 |
138610 |
533852 |
18 |
SD |
0 |
3184 |
10483 |
7954 |
32 |
Mean |
2206 |
27207 |
136037 |
542308 |
32 |
SD |
0 |
1685 |
7091 |
8568 |
56 |
Mean |
2206 |
35296 |
115080 |
455539 |
56 |
SD |
0 |
5515 |
24399 |
51405 |
100 |
Mean |
2206 |
20589 |
79048 |
276485 |
100 |
SD |
0 |
8279 |
6463 |
11690 |
Inhibition:
The following mean inhibition values were calculated for the Growth Rate µ, the Area under the Curve AUC, and the Yield:
Nom. Concentration in % saturation |
Measured Concentration in mg/L |
% Inhibition |
||
Growth Rate µ |
Area under the Curve AUC |
Yield |
||
0 |
-- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
-- |
0.20 |
-0.66 |
1.06 |
18 |
-- |
0.72 |
1.53 |
3.92 |
32 |
1.12 |
0.43 |
3.32 |
2.39 |
56 |
1.96 |
3.66 |
16.00 |
18.07 |
100 |
2.77 |
12.63 |
47.62 |
50.43 |
Description of key information
The toxicity of the test item to the freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was investigated in a GLP-compliant study performed in accordance with OECD Guideline No. 201.
The 72h ErC50 > limit of solubility (approx. 2.7 mg/L in the test media) with a loading rate of 781 mg/L
The 72h ErC10 = 2.6 mg/L (approx. the limit of solubility)
According to the available information on the substance stability, degradation is expected in water after 24h. As for the algal test renewal of the medium is not possible, it is expected that the observed toxicity is related to the degradation products (and in particular dodecan-1-ol) rather than the parent substance.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity of the test item to freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus was investigated in one GLP-compliant study performed in accordance with standard methods, without deviations. The study is considered as reliable (Klimisch 1) and is selected as a key study for the endpoint.
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