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Diss Factsheets

Ecotoxicological information

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

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Administrative data

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Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: Taken from OECD SIDS (OECD Guideline study)
Justification for type of information:
See attached file
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
according to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
GLP compliance:
yes
Analytical monitoring:
no
Test organisms (species):
Raphidocelis subcapitata (previous names: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
Details on test organisms:
Supplier/Source (Strain Number): ATCC 22662
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
2 900 mg/L
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
1 000 mg/L
Basis for effect:
biomass
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
> 4 000 mg/L
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Duration:
72 h
Dose descriptor:
EC20
Effect conc.:
2 700 mg/L
Basis for effect:
growth rate
Table: Measured algal cell densities
--------------------------------------------------
Nominal test      Cell density x 10^4 (cells/ml)
concentration    
--------------------------------------------------
    (mg/l)           Day 1      Day 2      Day 3
--------------------------------------------------
      0             2.494      15.24      77.62
      0             2.324      13.05      61.49
      0             2.282      14.10      68.88
      0             2.409      15.44      74.73
      0             2.536      16.15      81.91
      0             2.367      13.62      63.51

   1000             1.859       9.106     39.74
   1000             2.240      13.43      70.85
   1000             2.071      12.02      60.09

   1400             1.902      10.99      48.54
   1400             1.859      10.19      46.84
   1400             1.817      10.86      48.29

   2000             1.859      17.49      33.98
   2000             2.113      15.82      43.79
   2000             1.902      12.52      32.03

   2800             1.986      12.52      44.04
   2800             2.155       8.389     30.73
   2800             1.732       9.645     26.78

   4000             1.775       8.299     19.88
   4000             1.563       6.336     19.26
   4000             1.732      11.93      18.35
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: Percent biomass inhibition per concentration
----------------------------------------------------
Nominal test            Percent growth inhibition
concentration   
----------------------------------------------------
  (mg/l)              Area under the growth curve  
----------------------------------------------------
      0                        0     
   1000                      21.2    
   1400                      33.6    
   2000                      35.6    
   2800                      47.1    
   4000                      64.9    
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: Water parameters of test solutions
----------------------------------------------------
concentration   Temperature   pH
 CaCl2 (mg/l)     (°C)
----------------------------------------------------
        0          22.2       8.5
     1000          22.2       7.5
     1400          22.4       7.8
     2000          22.2       7.9
     2800          22.3       7.9
     4000          22.3       7.8
----------------------------------------------------

 Table: EC50 and EC20
----------------------------------------------------
 Hours of            EC50          EC20
  exposure          (mg/l)         (mg/l)
----------------------------------------------------
   72                2900          1000
----------------------------------------------------


   

Table: Percent growth rate inhibition per concentration
-------------------------------------------------------
Nominal test            Percent growth inhibition
concentration   
   (mg/l)                     Growth rate                   
-------------------------------------------------------
      0                        0     
   1000                       4.9    
   1400                       9.9    
   2000                      15.5    
   2800                      17.6    
   4000                      31.0    
-------------------------------------------------------


Table: EC50 and EC20
---------------------------------------
 Hours of       EC50          EC20
  exposure      (mg/l)        (mg/l)
--------------------------------------- 
   72           > 4000         2700
---------------------------------------
Conclusions:
The EC50 (based on growth rate) to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined to be > 4000 mg/L.
Executive summary:

The EC50 (based on growth rate) to Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was determined to be > 4000 mg/L.

Endpoint:
toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Type of information:
read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
Adequacy of study:
weight of evidence
Study period:
no data
Reliability:
2 (reliable with restrictions)
Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
other: No guideline study without detailed description..
Justification for type of information:
See attached file
Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
read-across: supporting information
Qualifier:
equivalent or similar to guideline
Guideline:
OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
GLP compliance:
no
Specific details on test material used for the study:
Details on properties of test surrogate or analogue material (migrated information):
n.a.
Analytical monitoring:
no
Details on sampling:
n.a.
Vehicle:
no
Test organisms (species):
Nitzschia sp.
Details on test organisms:
Described as Nitschia linearis
Test type:
static
Water media type:
freshwater
Limit test:
no
Total exposure duration:
120 h
Post exposure observation period:
n.a.
Hardness:
100 mg/L as CaCO3
Test temperature:
not specified
pH:
not specified
Dissolved oxygen:
not specified
Salinity:
not specified
Nominal and measured concentrations:
not specified
Details on test conditions:
not specified
Reference substance (positive control):
no
Duration:
120 h
Dose descriptor:
EC50
Effect conc.:
2 430 mg/L
Nominal / measured:
nominal
Conc. based on:
test mat.
Basis for effect:
cell number
Results with reference substance (positive control):
n.a.
Reported statistics and error estimates:
No statistic described, no error estimates provided.
Conclusions:
EC50 (120 hr, Nitzschia linearis, cell counts) = 2430 mg/L
Executive summary:

The study tested EC50 /LC50 for fish (Lepomis macrochirus), snail (Physa heterostropha), and algae (Nitzschia linearis, diatom) to conclude on relative sensitivity. Sodium chloride was tested for fish and algae toxicity only. The 120 hr EC50 with NItzschia linearis based on cell count was determined as 2430 mg/L. Bluegill was less sensitive with 96hr-LC50=12946 mg/L (not summarised in this dataset).

Description of key information

The reaction mass contains c.a. 68% of calcium chloride and 30% of sodium chloride. The EC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest EC50 of the two constituents was selected to reflect the EC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the EC50 for algae and cyanobacteria of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 2430 mg/L (based on the EC50 of sodium chloride).

As no NOEC for sodium chloride could be derived from the key study, the EC20 for calcium chloride was selected (i.e. 1000 mg/L).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:
2 430 mg/L
EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
1 000 mg/L

Additional information

No experimental data are available to assess the short-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to algae and cyanobacteria. Nevertheless, reliable information is available for calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl). The acute toxicity towards algae and cyanobacteria of the constituents of the reaction mass (i.e. CaCl2 and NaCl) is known and the LD50 of the substance can thus be predicted. To this end, the key study assessing the acute toxicity of both compounds identified in the REACH registration dossier was selected.

 

Three studies are available from published literature on acute toxicity of sodium chloride to algae and cyanobacteria. The diatom Nitzschia linearis was found to be the most sensitive species with an EC50 (120 h, cell number) of 2430 mg/L. Unfortunately, the article does not provide sufficient information to conclude on a No Observed Effect Concentration for Nitzschia linearis. Only this key study was reported in the data of this dossier.

For calcium chloride, a single study with the freshwater algae, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previously named as Selenastrum capricornutum) was conducted according to OECD guideline 201. The 72-hour EC50 and EC20 obtained on the basis of biomass from the study were 2900 and 1000 mg/L, respectively.

The reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride contains c.a. 68% of calcium chloride and 30% sodium chloride. The EC50 of the reaction mass was defined based on a worst case (i.e. the lowest EC50 of the two constituent was selected to reflect the EC50 of the reaction mass). Accordingly, the EC50 for algae and cynaobacteria of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride is 2430 mg/L. As no NOEC for sodium chloride could be derived from the key study, the EC20 for calcium chloride was selected (i.e. 1000 mg/L).