reaction mass of Calcium chloride and Sodium chloride

Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Taken from OECD SIDS (Comparable to guideline study with acceptable restrictions)

Justification for type of information:

See attached file

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across: supporting information

Principles of method if other than guideline:

Method: other: not mentioned

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

not specified

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

a) Age: 12±12 hr
b) Pretreatment: not discribed
c) Supplier/Source: University of Michigan, USA

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

610 mg/L

Basis for effect:

other: reproductive impairment

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

other: EC16

Effect conc.:

320 mg/L

Basis for effect:

other: reproductive impairment

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

920 mg/L

Basis for effect:

mortality

Conclusions:

The EC16 (21 days) based on reproductive impairement was determined to be 320 mg/L.

Executive summary:

In this long-term study on Daphnia magna, no NOEC or EC10 values were determined. The EC16 (21 days) based on reproductive impairement was determined to be 320 mg/L.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Well documented study similar to guideline study

Justification for type of information:

See attached file

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

data waiving: supporting information

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

Water samples sampled from median depth of the water column.

Vehicle:

no

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia pulex

Test type:

semi-static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

21 d

Post exposure observation period:

n.a.

Hardness:

96.3 +/- 9.9 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

20+/- 0.1 °C

pH:

7.94 +/- 0.24

Dissolved oxygen:

8.8 +/- 0.3 MG/L

Salinity:

282 - 4 069 µmhos/cm (includes the NaCl). Lowever value likely representative for test medium.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 0.32, 0.45, 0.63, 0.89, 1.26
Measured: <0.006, 0.314, 0.441, 0.625, 0.871, 1.226

Details on test conditions:

The following endpoints were monitored:
- Total offspring, Brood size, Aborted Eggs, Body length, Survival

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): open / closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume:
- Aeration:
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter):
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate):
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1 (for reproduction) 5 or 6 for survivial
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 7 with 1 daphnia, 3 with 5 or 6 daphnia
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no vehicle control
- Biomass loading rate: no data

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: reconsituted


OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: no data
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hr
- Light intensity: no data

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :

VEHICLE CONTROL PERFORMED: yes/no

RANGE-FINDING STUDY
- Test concentrations:
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study:

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

314 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Duration:

21 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

441 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (arithm. mean)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Results with reference substance (positive control):

n.a.

The following endpoints were investigated: - Total offspring, Brood size, aborted eggs, Body length, Survival.

Lowest NOEC and LOEC were 314 and 441 mg/l, respectively for total offspring,, brood size, and body length.

Conclusions:

21 day reproduction NOEC (Daphnia pulex) = 314 mg/L

Executive summary:

Toxicity of sodium chloride to freshater organisms was tested with bluegill (Lepomis, macrochirus), fathead minnow (pimephales prmelas), an isopod (Lirceus fontinalis), a snail (Physa garina) and with the water flea (Daphnia Pulex). Daphnia pulex was found to be the most sensitive species in the acute toxicity testing and was used for chonic toxicity testing. The 21 day reprodcution NOEC (Daphnia pulex) was determined as 314 mg/L.

Description of key information

No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride. However, reliable information is available for both calcium chloride and sodium chloride.

The 21-day NOEC value of 314 mg/L for sodium chloride determined on Daphnia pulex was selected as reflecting the long-term toxicity to fish of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

314 mg/L

Additional information

No experimental data are available to assess the long-term toxicity of the reaction mass of calcium chloride and sodium chloride to aquatic invertebrates. However, reliable information are available for both calcium chloride and sodium chloride.

For calcium chloride, the effect of the substance towards the reproduction of Daphnia magna was studied following a 21-days exposure period. The methods and test conditions used in the study are fully described, and appear to be scientifically acceptable, although the study was conducted prior to the acceptance of standard guidelines for this type of study. The concentration required for 16% and 50% inhibition of reproduction (EC16 and EC50) was 320 and 610 mg/L, respectively.

For sodium chloride, three relevant studies were identified to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the substance towards aquatic invertebrates. All studies were conducted using water fleas species: Daphnia pulex, Daphnia magna, and Cerodaphnia dubia. In the study by Birge et al. (1985), Daphnia pulex was found to be the most sensitive species. Again, when comparing the results from the three chronic testing with water flea presented in this data set , Daphnia pulex remains the most sensitive species with a NOEC for reproduction (and other endpoints including brood size and body length) of 314 mg/L (LOEC = 441 mg/L). The result is in good agreement with the geometric mean of the NOEC for reproduction calculated from 12 independent 7d exposure with Cerodaphnia dubia (NOEC = 353 mg/L; data not included in this dataset).

Based on the above, the NOEC of sodium chloride (i.e. 314 mg/L) was selected as appropriately reflecting the long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates of the reaction mass.