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EC number: 249-528-5 | CAS number: 29232-93-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 16 Nov 1990 to 7 Dec 1990
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- comparable to guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Version / remarks:
- according to OECD 202, part II.
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Each of the freshly prepared test solutions and the old test solutions on study days 2, 7, 9, 14, 16 and 21 were analysed for the test substance.
- Vehicle:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Acetone
- Details on test solutions:
- The top concentration was prepared by adding an aliquot of a stock solution of the test substance in acetone to hard, blended water to give the required nominal concentration of the test substance and 40 µL acetone per L. Lower concentrations were prepared from the top concentration by serial dilution using hard, blended water containing 40 µL acetone per L. The solvated control contained 40 µL acetone per L, the untreated control was hard and blended water only.
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Daphnia magna
- Age at study initiation: Less than 24 hours old
- Source: From cultures maintained at Jealotts Hill
- Food type: Diet of yeast and Chlorella vulgaris
- Feeding during test: The Daphnia were fed daily with suspensions of Chlorella vulgaris (4 E+07 cells per vessel) and dried yeast (0.25 mg per vessel) - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Hardness:
- 176 - 177 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 19-21°C
- pH:
- 7.2 - 8.4
- Dissolved oxygen:
- > 5.3 mg/L
- Conductivity:
- 355 - 390 μS cm/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - Nominal concentrations: 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 µg/L of the test substance
- Mean measured concentrations: 0.028, 0.050, 0.09, 0.19, 0.36 µg/L of the test substance, respectively.
See Table 1 in "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables" - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1
- No. of vessels per concentration: 10
- No. of vessels per control: 1
- No. of vessels per vehicle control: 1
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Alkalinity: 140 mg/L
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED:
Mortality of the P0 generation was recorded daily for each test vessel. Fresh test solutions were prepared every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Surviving P0 generation were transferred to the new solutions using a wide bore pipette. Old test solutions were examined, from study day 7, for young Daphnia (termed the F1 generation). Any offspring present, both live and dead, were counted and then discarded. At the end of the test (day 21) the length (from apex of helmet to base of spine) of the surviving P0 Daphnia was measured, using a microscope with a calibrated eyepiece graticule. - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.05 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- - Mortality: The LC50 values at days 7, 14 and 21 were 0.24, 0.08 and 0.08 µg/L respectively based on nominal concentration
- Growth: The lengths of the surviving P0 Daphnia at the end of the test are given in Table 1 together with the mean values for each treatment. In all the concentrations with Daphnia surviving at day 21 (nominally 0.1 µg/L and below) there was no significant difference between the treatments and either control.
- Reproduction: The total numbers of young produced in each replicate vessel are shown in Table 4, together with the mean values for each treatment. At nominally 0.4 μg/L there were no young produced as all the P0 generation Daphnia died before reproduction began (day 6-7). At 0.2 and 0.1 μg/L the mean number of young produced was significantly reduced from the controls. At 0.1 μg/L there were 3 P0 Daphnia surviving at day 21 and these produced a mean number of young of 110, compared to a solvent control value of 176. At concentrations of 0.05 and 0.025 μg/L there was no significant difference between the mean number of young produced per replicate and the controls. Therefore based on nominal concentrations the 21 day NOEC was 0.05 μg/L
See table 1 and table 2 in 'Any other information on results incl. tables' - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not reported
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Estimates of the LC50 and its 95% confidence intervals on days 7, 14 and 21 were produced analysing the data by iteratively reweighted linear regression of the probit transformation of % mortality on log (nominal concentration). Furthermore, the number of young produced and Daphnia length, day 21, were analysed for significant differences from the controls.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The 21 day NOEC was determined at 0.05 µg/L
- Executive summary:
The long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 211 and in compliance with GLP criteria. Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of concentrations of the test substance of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 µg/L in water containing 0.01% acetone at 20 ± 1°C; including solvent and blank controls for 21 days. Each test concentration consisted of 10 replicate chambers, originally containing a single daphnid. Daphnids were transferred to freshly prepared test solutions three times weekly. Analysis by gas liquid chromatography of freshly prepared test solutions for the test substance gave mean measured concentrations in the range 90-112% of the nominal. Analysis of aged (2-3 day old) test solutions after the transfer of the daphnids showed the test substance to be in the range of 44-138% of the same solutions analysed when freshly prepared, indicating little, if any loss of the test substance over the period of use of each test solution. The mean measured concentrations were determined to be 0.028, 0.050, 0.09, 0.19, 0.36 µg/L, respectively. The test was carried out under the following conditions: temperature 19 - 21 °C, pH 7.2 – 8.4, dissolved oxygen concentration >5.3 mg O2/L (>60% of saturation). The water parameters were measured at the start and end of the test. Mortality of the parent generation was recorded daily for each test vessel. After renewals, old test solutions were examined, for young daphnids. Any offspring present, both live and dead, were counted and then discarded. At the end of the test, the length of the surviving parent daphnids was also measured.
At nominal concentrations of 0.4 and 0.2 µg/L, all the daphnids were completely immobilized after 5 and 12 days, respectively. At 0.1 µg/L, there were 3 out of the parent 10 daphnids surviving at 21 days. At lower concentrations and in the controls, all the daphnids survived. There was no significant difference in the adult daphnid length between any of the surviving parent daphnids. At 0.1 µg/L, however, the mean number of young produced per replicate was significantly reduced from the controls, whereas at 0.05 and 0.025 µg/L there was no significant difference. Therefore, based on the findings, the 21-d NOEC, based on reproduction, was determined to be 0.05 µg/L.
Reference
table 1. Daphnia lengths, day 21
Replicate |
Length in mm |
||||
Nominal Concentration (µg/L)a |
|||||
Control |
Solvent Control |
0.025 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
|
a b c d e f g h i j |
4.42 5.03 4.69 4.62 4.62 4.83 4.76 4.62 4.56 4.62 |
4.42 4.56 4.76 4.62 4.49 4.90 4.42 4.96 4.83 4.76 |
4.62 4.69 5.03 4.90 4.69 4.56 4.69 4.69 4.76 4.28 |
4.42 4.42 4.69 4.76 4.69 4.56 4.62 4.69 4.62 4.56 |
- b - - 4.56 - 4.35 4.69 - - - |
Mean |
4.68c |
4.67c |
4.65c |
4.60c |
4.53c |
LSD 5% = 0.166
LSD 1% = 0.224
a: All Daphnia at nominal concentrations 0.2 and 0.4 µg/L were dead before day 21
b: Daphnia dead at or before day 21
c: Means not significantly different
Table 2. Total number of young produced Daphnia
Replicate |
Total Number of Live Young |
||||||
Nominal Concentration in µg/L |
|||||||
Control |
Solvent Control |
0.025 |
0.05 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
|
a |
181 |
170 |
190 |
174 |
21 |
0 |
0 |
b |
162 |
184 |
181 |
157 |
26 |
14 |
0 |
c |
182 |
163 |
187 |
163 |
28 |
14 |
0 |
d |
177 |
179 |
172 |
175 |
80 |
17(2)a |
0 |
e |
171 |
165 |
177 |
170 |
60(2)a |
6 |
0 |
f |
159 |
196 |
174 |
159 |
125 |
17 |
0 |
g |
162 |
158 |
191 |
167 |
123 |
20(3)a |
0 |
h |
174 |
185 |
167 |
169 |
28 |
0 |
0 |
i |
176 |
174 |
176 |
171 |
43 |
20 |
0 |
j |
165 |
181 |
177 |
161 |
71 |
25(2)a |
0 |
Means |
172 |
176 |
179 |
167 |
60 |
11 |
0 |
Detransformed means |
170 |
175 |
179 |
167 |
50b |
8b |
ob |
* na = Not analysed
a +: Sample lost during analysis
b-: Sample not analysed/prepared as Daphnia had died
c: Approximate limit of determination under the conditions used
Description of key information
28-d NOEC = 0.05 µg/L, Daphnia magna, semi-static regime, OECD TG 211, Rapley & Hamer 1991
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect concentration:
- 0.05 µg/L
Additional information
The long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates was determined in a study in accordance with OECD TG 211 and in compliance with GLP criteria. Daphnia magna were exposed to a series of concentrations of the test substance of 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 µg/L in water containing 0.01% acetone at 20 ± 1°C; including solvent and blank controls for 21 days. Each test concentration consisted of 10 replicate chambers, originally containing a single daphnid. Daphnids were transferred to freshly prepared test solutions three times weekly. Analysis by gas liquid chromatography of freshly prepared test solutions for the test substance gave mean measured concentrations in the range 90-112% of the nominal. Analysis of aged (2-3 day old) test solutions after the transfer of the daphnids showed the test substance to be in the range of 44-138% of the same solutions analysed when freshly prepared, indicating little, if any loss of the test substance over the period of use of each test solution. The mean measured concentrations were determined to be 0.028, 0.050, 0.09, 0.19, 0.36 µg/L, respectively. The test was carried out under the following conditions: temperature 19 - 21 °C, pH 7.2 – 8.4, dissolved oxygen concentration >5.3 mg O2/L (>60% of saturation). The water parameters were measured at the start and end of the test. Mortality of the parent generation was recorded daily for each test vessel. After renewals, old test solutions were examined, for young daphnids. Any offspring present, both live and dead, were counted and then discarded. At the end of the test, the length of the surviving parent daphnids was also measured.
At nominal concentrations of 0.4 and 0.2 µg/L, all the daphnids were completely immobilized after 5 and 12 days, respectively. At 0.1 µg/L, there were 3 out of the parent 10 daphnids surviving at 21 days. At lower concentrations and in the controls, all the daphnids survived. There was no significant difference in the adult daphnid length between any of the surviving parent daphnids. At 0.1 µg/L, however, the mean number of young produced per replicate was significantly reduced from the controls, whereas at 0.05 and 0.025 µg/L there was no significant difference. Therefore, based on the findings, the 21-d NOEC, based on reproduction, was determined to be 0.05 µg/L.
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