2-ethylanthraquinone

Ecotoxicological Summary

Hazard for aquatic organisms

Freshwater

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (freshwater)

PNEC value:

0.116 µg/L

Assessment factor:

50

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

PNEC freshwater (intermittent releases):

2.7 µg/L

Marine water

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC aqua (marine water)

PNEC value:

0.012 µg/L

Assessment factor:

500

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

STP

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC STP

PNEC value:

10 mg/L

Assessment factor:

10

Extrapolation method:

assessment factor

Sediment (freshwater)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (freshwater)

PNEC value:

47.6 µg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Sediment (marine water)

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC sediment (marine water)

PNEC value:

4.8 µg/kg sediment dw

Extrapolation method:

equilibrium partitioning method

Hazard for air

Air

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no hazard identified

Hazard for terrestrial organisms

Soil

Hazard assessment conclusion:

no exposure of soil expected

Hazard for predators

Secondary poisoning

Hazard assessment conclusion:

PNEC oral

PNEC value:

1.33 mg/kg food

Assessment factor:

300

Additional information

The aquatic toxicity of the test item 2 -ethylanthraquinone was tested in short-term tests on the toxicity to algae, daphnids and fish. The tests were conducted under GLP and followed OECD TG 201, 202 and 203, respectively. Daphnids were most sensitive with an EC50 after 48h of 270 µg/L, followed by algae with an EbC50 of 280 µg/L. The ErC50 for algae was >280 µg/L and the LC50 after 96h in fish was >370 µg/L. All observed EC50/LC50 were slightly above the water solubility of the test item (245 µg/L).

The aquatic toxicity of the test item was tested in a long term-term test on the toxicity to daphnids. The test was conducted under GLP and followed OECD TG 211. Daphnids were more sensitive than algae with a NOEC of 5.8 µg/L compared to 150.0 µg/L for algae.

The effect of the test item on the respiration of activated sewage sludge was assessed in a valid GLP study performed according to OECD TG 209. The EC50 value observed after 3 hours exposure was greater than 100 mg/L and the NOEC was 100 mg/L.

No information on sediment toxicity and terrestrial toxicity is available.

Conclusion on classification

Short-term toxicity:

Daphnids were the most sensitive species with an EC50 after 48h of 270 µg/L. For algae, the EC50 biomass (not relevant for classification purposes) was 280 µg/L. No toxicity effects were observed in fish at concentrations tested up to 370 µg/L.

With an EC50 < 1.0 mg/L observed in the Daphnia study, this leads to following aquatic acute classification:

CLP: Aquatic Acute Toxicity Category 1; H400: Very toxic to aquatic life; M-Factor acute = 1.

Long-term toxicity:

According to the second amendment of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP), Figure 4.1.1, the classification for aquatic long term hazards preferably has to be based on data directly retrieved from aquatic long term studies. In this case two long-term studies are available, the algae toxicity test which is considered as a multi generation study and a 21-day daphnia reproduction study. According to the CLP regulation where adequate two long term studies are available the substance must be classified for long term toxicity using acute data according to table 4.1.0(b)(i or ii) and chronic data according to table 4.1.0.b(iii) with classification according to the most stringent outcome.

 

Classification derived from the result of the acute daphnia study with an EC50 = 0.270 mg/L and the fact that the substance is not rapidly degradable and further has a log Kow = 4.6, results in the following CLP classification:

 

CLP table 4.1.0.b(iii), acute ErC50 <=1mg/L:   Aquatic Chronic Toxicity Category 1; H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects; M-Factor chronic = 1.

 

Classification derived from the result of the long term daphnia study with NOEC = 0.0058 mg/L and the fact that the substance is not rapidly degradable and further has a log Kow = 4.6, results in the following CLP classification:

 

CLP table 4.1.0.b(i), Chronic NOEC <= 0.1 mg/L:   Aquatic Chronic Toxicity Category 1; H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects; M-Factor chronic = 10.

 

The most stringent outcome, obtained with chronic data, will be used for classification, labelling and packaging purposes.