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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 231-106-7 | CAS number: 7439-97-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Acute Toxicity: dermal
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- acute toxicity: dermal
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across based on grouping of substances (category approach)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 3 (not reliable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Inadequate experimental methodologgy and an absence of study details prevent a determination of the amount of mercury.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to other study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Experimental studies of the mode of absorption of mercury when applied by inunction
- Author:
- Schamberg, J.F. et al
- Year:
- 1 918
- Bibliographic source:
- JAMA, 70, 142
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- 5 rabbits received dermal treatment with mercury by rubbing in an ointment consiting of 50 % elemental mercury or 50 % mercury chloride for 5 minutes. From 0.5 to 1 g/kg mercury was applied to the skin. Animals received beween 2 and 4 rubbing within 5-12 days.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Limit test:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Mercury ointment
- IUPAC Name:
- Mercury ointment
- Details on test material:
- An ointment, consistend in nearly all of the experiments of a 50 % elemental mercury ointment or of a 50 % mercury chloride ointment, was used during the experiment.
No further information on the test material was stated.
Constituent 1
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- not specified
- Sex:
- not specified
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- - Weight at study initiation: 1400 gm to 2420 gm
No further information on the test animals was stated.
Administration / exposure
- Type of coverage:
- open
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on dermal exposure:
- A specific box to house one rabbit was constructed in order to prevent exposure by other routes than the dermal. The rabbit which received inunctions of the ointment was placed in the box with its head projecting into the outer air through an aperture in a heavy piece of canvas attached to one end of the box. A padded collar served the double purpose of making the animal comfortable and of preventing the rabbit from breathing the box air.
The hair over considerable area on the back was removed by means of a barium sulphid depilatory in order to avoid as much as possible traumatism that might result from shaving.
The experiment was conducted with 5 rabbits. The amount of ointment employed at each rubbing was very large in order to abbreviate the period of the experiment and to accentuate the findings. From 0.5 to 1 gm of mercury per kilogram was applied to the skin. The ointment was rubbed into the back for five minutes. Considerable unabsorbed ointment remained on the surface of the skin.
The following exposure conditions were used for the rabbits:
Rabbit No. 1: three rubbings within nine days (received elemental mercury)
Rabbit No. 2: two rubbings within five days (received mercury chloride)
Rabbit No. 3: three rubbings within six days (received elemental mercury)
Rabbit No. 4: two rubbings within five days ((received mercury chloride)
Rabbit No. 5: four rubbings within twelve days (received mercury chloride)
No further information on the dermal exposure was stated. - Duration of exposure:
- no data
- Doses:
- Please refer to "Details on dermal exposure".
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- Please refer to "Details on dermal exposure".
- Control animals:
- not specified
- Details on study design:
- Observation on mortality was made. The diagnosis of mercurial poisoning was based on chemical examination of the organs and histological studies of a number of organs, particularly the kidneys.
No further information on the study design was stated. - Statistics:
- no data
Results and discussion
Effect levels
- Effect level:
- 0.5 - 1 other: g/kg
- Remarks on result:
- other: The five exposed rabbits sucumbed after a brief period to mercurial poisoning. All animals died within 3 to 6 days after the last treatment.
- Mortality:
- In each of the five experiments, all animals died within 3 to 6 days after the last treatment.
Rabbit No. 1: died four days later
Rabbit No. 2: died five days later
Rabbit No. 3: died three days later
Rabbit No. 4: died three days later
Rabbit No. 5: died six days later - Clinical signs:
- other: Rabbits sucumbed after a brief period to mercurial poisoning.
- Gross pathology:
- Please see "Other findings" below
- Other findings:
- - Histopathology/pathology:
Rabbit No. 1: acute hyperemia of the glomeruli and intertubular tissues of the kidneys, also slight cloudy swelling, but no calcification. The lungs exhibited no pathological changes, and the liver was likewise normal.
Rabbit No. 2: kidneys revealed acute hyperemia, but no other changes. The lungs, heart, spleen and suprarenal glands were normal.
Rabbit No. 3: kidneys revealed cloudy swelling of the epithelium of the tubules, with oedematous distention of the malpighian tufts, marked oedematous distention of the tubules, but no calcification. the lungs were normal.
Rabbit No. 4: kidneys disclosed acute hyperamia of the glomeruli and slight cloudy swelling with acute congestion.
Rabbit No. 5: oedema of the tufts of the kidneys, with slight exudative glomerulitis and cloudy swelling of the tubules was observed. There were no changes in the lungs.
- Chemical examination:
Rabbit No.1: no chemical examination of the organs of this rabbit was made.
RAbbit No. 3: large amounts of mercury were found in the kidneys, liver and skin; the lungs was free of mercury, but faint trace was present in the brain. This animal was pregnant, and the placenta and fetus were found negative to tests for mercury.
Rabbit No. 4: kidneys, liver and skin were found to contain relatively large amounts of mercury, and there was a small quantity in the lung.
Rabbit No. 5: relatively large quantities of mercury were detected in the kidneys, liver and skin, but ite was absent in the lungs.
Any other information on results incl. tables
The five exposed rabbits sucumbed after a brief period to mercurial poisoning. All animals died within 3 to 6 days after the last treatment.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Five rabbits treated dermally with high dose levels of mercury containig ointments succumbed after a brief period of mercurial exposure. All animals died within 3 to 6 days after the last treatment. Histopathology revealed morphological changes in kidneys.
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