Methomyl

Toxicity to terrestrial arthropods

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Reference 1

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

No specific guidelines are available. Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)

GLP compliance:

yes

Application method:

other: Oral and Contact

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-571
Purity: 99.4%

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution

Test organisms (species):

other: BOMBUS TERRESTRIS L.

Animal group:

other: Hymenoptera, Apidae

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

4 h

Test temperature:

24.2 - 25.3°C

Humidity:

55.9 – 62.9 %

Photoperiod and lighting:

Constant darkness except during the assessments. Observations were made under neon light.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 μg/bumble bee for Oral study; 0, 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/bumble bee for Contact study

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

dimethoate

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Remarks:

Oral

Effect conc.:

34.3 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Remarks:

Oral

Effect conc.:

11.7 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Remarks:

Contact

Effect conc.:

36.4 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Remarks:

Contact

Effect conc.:

6.25 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

Methomyl caused 86.7 and 56.7 % mortality on Bombus terrestris L. up to and including the highest dose tested in the acute oral (nominal 100 μg/bumble bee) and contact (50 μg/bumble bee) toxicity test, respectively.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Oral LD50 = 34.3 µg/bee
Oral NOEL = 11.7 µg/bee
Contact LD50 = 36.4 µg/bee
Contact NOEL = 6.25 µg/bee

Executive summary:

The aim of this study was to assess the acute oral and contact toxicity of methomyl on the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L.,in a laboratory study. Target dose levels for the oral and contact toxicity test were 6.25, 12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100 μg/bumble bee and 3.13, 6.25, 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/bumble bee, respectively.

 

In the oral test, bumble bees in the test item treatments with methomyl were offered test solutions in 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution. The doses based on the actual consumption of the test item were 6.29, 11.7, 22.6, 44.5 and 82.4 μg/bumble bee. The test solutions were offered to the bumble bees for 4 hours. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out 24 and 48 hours after start of feeding the test solutions.

 

In the contact test, bumble bees were treated with methomyl dissolved in deionized water by topical application with a 2 μL droplet applied to the dorsal thorax of each bumble bee. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out 24 and 48 hours after application.

 

Methomyl caused 86.7 and 56.7 % mortality on Bombus terrestris L. up to and including the highest dose tested in the acute oral (nominal 100 μg/bumble bee) and contact (50 μg/bumble bee) toxicity test, respectively. The acute oral 48 hour LD50 was determined to be 34.3 μg/bumble bee and the acute contact 48 hour LD50 was determined to be 36.4 μg/bumble bee. The NOEL (No Observed Effect Level) in the oral toxicity test was determined to be 11.7 μg/bumble bee. The NOEL in the contact toxicity test was determined to be 6.25 μg/bumble bee after 48 hours.

Reference 2

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPP 141-1 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

EPPO Guideline No. 170 (1992) was followed which essientially conforms to the guideline selected

Qualifier:

equivalent or similar to guideline

Guideline:

EPA OPPTS 850.3020 (Honey Bee Acute Contact Toxicity)

Version / remarks:

EPPO Guideline No. 170 (1992) was followed which essientially conforms to the guideline selected

GLP compliance:

yes

Application method:

other: Oral and Contact

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-512
Purity: 98.6%

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

water

Test organisms (species):

Apis mellifera

Animal group:

Hymenoptera (honeybees)

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Test temperature:

26.0 - 29.0 °C

Humidity:

50.0 - 62.0 %

Photoperiod and lighting:

constant darkness

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60 μg a.s. per bee for Oral study; 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.27, 0.41 μg a.s. per bee for Contact study

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

dimethoate

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Remarks:

Oral

Effect conc.:

0.28 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Remarks:

Oral

Effect conc.:

0.09 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LD50

Remarks:

Contact

Effect conc.:

0.16 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Remarks:

Contact

Effect conc.:

0.08 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Details on results:

Treated bees did not differ from control bees in behaviour at any time.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

Oral LD50 = 0.28 µg/bee
Oral NOEL = 0.09 µg/bee
Contact LD50 = 0.16 µg/bee
Contact NOEL = 0.08 µg/bee

Executive summary:

Acute oral and contact toxicity of the test substance to honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) was tested in a laboratory study conducted under EPPO Guideline No. 170. Each of the oral and contact toxicity tests was conducted with 5 test substance treatment rates, a control treatment and 4 toxic standard treatment rates; 5 replicates per treatment; and 10 honeybees per replicate. The toxic standard used in these tests was dimethoate. The nominal concentrations used in the oral test were 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.80, 1.60 μg a.s. per bee. The nominal concentrations used in the contact test were 0, 0.08, 0.12, 0.18, 0.27, 0.41 μg a.s. per bee. Bees were observed at 2, 4, 24, and 48-hours after treatment for mortality and behavioural effects.

 

Treated bees did not differ from control bees in behaviour at any time. The oral and contact toxicity of the toxic reference standard, dimethoate, to honeybees in these tests fell within the published acceptable range, indicating the validity of these tests. The oral LD50 was determined to be 0.28 µg/bee and the oral NOEL was 0.09 µg/bee. The contact LD50 was determined to be 0.16 µg/bee and the contact NOEL was 0.08 µg/bee.

Reference 3

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: short-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 237 (Honey bee (Apis mellifera) Larval Toxicity Test, Single Exposure)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Methomyl technical
DPX-X1179-571
Purity: 99.4%

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

Autoclaved, deionized water

Test organisms (species):

Apis mellifera

Animal group:

Hymenoptera (honeybees)

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Test temperature:

33.2 – 35.1 °C

Humidity:

44.0 – 100.0 %

Photoperiod and lighting:

None, except during feeding and assessments

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 0.12, 0.37, 1.11, 3.33 and 10.0 μg/larva OR 0, 41.1, 123.3, 370, 1110, 3330 mg/L
Measured: 0, 41.6, 124, 368, 1140, 3320 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Dimethoate

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

0.12 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Remarks on result:

other: corresponds to 3.7 mg/kg diet

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

3.46 µg per animal

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Basis for effect:

mortality

Remarks on result:

other: corresponds to 104.8 mg/kg diet

Details on results:

During the mortality assessments no noticeable observations such as deviating larval sizes and appearances were made.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

In the reference item group, treated with a single dose of 8.8 μg dimethoate/larva the mortality was 75.0 % on day 7 (D7).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

72-h NOED = 0.12 µg/larvae (which corresponded to 3.7 mg/kg diet
72-h LD50 = 3.46 µg/larvae (which corresponded to 104.8 mg/kg diet

Executive summary:

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of methomyl on the larvae of the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., following single feeding exposure in vitro. The test was conducted according to OECD guideline 237. On the first day (D1) of the dose response test synchronised honey bee larvae (Apis mellifera carnica POLLMANN, first instar, L1) were transferred into 48-well plates where they were fed a standardised amount of artificial diet A. On day 3 (D3) of the test, larvae were fed with a standardised amount of artificial diet B. On day 4 (D4) of the test, five different doses (0.12, 0.37, 1.11, 3.33 and 10.0 μg methomyl/larva) of the test item and one single dose of the reference item (8.8 μg dimethoate/larva) were applied to the larvae with diet C. A control group was included in the test and exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to the untreated artificial diet. Each treatment group consisted of 48 larvae from three different colonies (each colony representing a replicate). The assessment of mortality was carried out on day 5 (D5), day 6 (D6) and day 7 (D7) (i.e. 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after application of treated and untreated diet, respectively). The presence of uneaten food was qualitatively recorded at the end of the test on day 7 (D7). The analytical dose verification of the test item concentrations in the test item stock solution, application solutions of each test item group and the control solution was done by analyzing the content of methomyl in the samples taken on day 4 (D4) directly after preparation and before application. The doses which cause 10 %, 20 % and 50 % mortality (LD10,LD20andLD50) and the NOED (No Observed Effect Dose) on day 7 (D7) (72 h after application of the test item) to larvae ofApis melliferaL. were determined. Additionally the corresponding concentrations (LC10,LC20, LC50and the NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration)) were calculated.

 

The measured concentrations of the test item stock solution and application solutions were within 20 % of nominal. Therefore the concentrations of the stock solution and any dilution were confirmed and the endpoints are based on nominal concentrations. In a single exposure larval toxicity test with methomyl the NOED for day 7 (D7) was determined as 0.12 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to a NOEC of 3.7 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD10 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 0.24 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC10 of 7.3 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD20 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 0.60 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC20 of 18.2 mg methomyl/kg diet. The LD50 for day 7 (D7) was calculated as 3.46 μg methomyl/larva, equivalent to an LC50 of 104.8 mg methomyl/kg diet.

Reference 4

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 226 (Predatory Mite (Hypoaspis (Geolaelaps) Aculeifer) Reproduction Test in Soil)

GLP compliance:

yes

Application method:

soil

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Methomyl technical
Batch JUL06LP276
Purity: 99.4%

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

acetone

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

14 d

Test temperature:

Within a range of 18 °C to 22 °C

pH (if soil or dung study):

5.6 to 5.7

Humidity:

Controlled environment room, in a ventilated area

Photoperiod and lighting:

16 h light : 8 h dark (Within a range of 400 to 800 lux)

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.8, 10.5, 18.9, 34.0 and 61.2 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil equivalent to 0.994, 1.789, 3.181, 5.765, 10.44, 18.79, 33.80 and 60.83 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Dimethoate

Key result

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC10

Effect conc.:

11.86 mg/kg soil dw

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Key result

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

16.51 mg/kg soil dw

Basis for effect:

reproduction

Key result

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

LOEC

Effect conc.:

11.86 mg/kg soil dw

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and reproduction

Key result

Duration:

14 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10.5 mg/kg soil dw

Basis for effect:

other: mortality and reproduction

Details on results:

No statistically significant lethal effects were observed up to and including the concentration of 10.5 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil mortality was statistically significantly increased (Fisher's Exact Test, α = 0.05, one-sided greater).

The reproduction of the predatory mites exposed to methomyl was not statistically significantly different compared to the control up to and including the test concentration of 10.5 mg/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil reproduction was statistically significantly reduced (Williams t-test, α = 0.05, one-sided smaller).

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

14-day EC10 = 11.86 mg/kg dry soil
14-day EC20 = 13.40 mg/kg dry soil
14-day EC50 = 16.51 mg/kg dry soil
14-day LOEC = 18.9 mg/kg dry soil
14-day NOEC = 10.5 mg/kg dry soil

Executive summary:

The effects of methomyl on survival and reproduction of the soil mite, Hypoaspis aculeifer, were measured in a 14-day soil exposure GLP-compliant laboratory study based on OECD guideline 226. Four replicates (eight in the control) of ten soil mites each were exposed to nominal concentrations of 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.8, 10.5, 18.9, 34.0 and 61.2 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil (equivalent to 0.994, 1.789, 3.181, 5.765, 10.44, 18.79, 33.80 and 60.83 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil, adjusted for purity) and to an untreated control (using the same amount of acetone and fine quartz sand per g substrate as in the test item groups). After 14 days the soil mites were assessed for the number of surviving adults (mortality) and the number of juveniles (reproduction).

 

The reference item (active substance dimethoate) is tested at least once a year at five concentrations. The most recent test was conducted in October/November 2015, performed under ibacon Study Number 105652089. All validity criteria for the study were met.

 

No statistically significant lethal effects were observed up to and including the concentration of 10.5 mg test item/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil mortality was statistically significantly increased (Fisher's Exact Test, α = 0.05, one-sided greater).

 

The reproduction of the predatory mites exposed to methomyl was not statistically significantly different compared to the control up to and including the test concentration of 10.5 mg/kg dry artificial soil. At 18.9 mg/kg dry artificial soil reproduction was statistically significantly reduced (Williams t-test, α = 0.05, one-sided smaller).

 

The 14-day EC10 based on reproduction was determined to be 11.86 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity), the EC20 was determined to be 13.40 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity) and the EC50 was determined to be 16.51 mg methomyl/kg dry artificial soil (adjusted for purity), using Logit Analysis.

Reference 5

Endpoint:

toxicity to terrestrial arthropods: long-term

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

supporting study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment

Qualifier:

no guideline available

Principles of method if other than guideline:

There is no finalized and internationally accepted testing guideline available. Therefore, the study was conducted based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group.

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Methomyl technical
Batch JUL06LP276
Purity: 99.4%

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution

Test organisms (species):

Apis mellifera

Animal group:

Hymenoptera (honeybees)

Study type:

laboratory study

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

10 d

Test temperature:

31.7 – 34.7°C

Humidity:

44.9 – 65.0 %

Photoperiod and lighting:

Constant darkness except during the assessments. Observations were made under neon light.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal: 0, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg
The actual concentrations of methomyl in the feeding solutions, determined for the samples taken before the 1st application, were 97, 99, 93, 100 and 101 % of nominal concentrations

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Dimethoate

Key result

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

312.5 other: µg/kg

Key result

Duration:

10 d

Dose descriptor:

other: NOEDD

Remarks:

no observed effect dietary dose

Effect conc.:

0.011 µg per animal

Details on results:

In the control group a mortality of 2.5 % was observed at the end of the 10-day examination phase.

In the test item groups 0.0, 20.0, 62.5, 72.5 and 100 % mortality (corrected: -2.6, 17.9, 61.5, 71.8 and 100 %) was observed at the test item concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg, respectively, at the final assessment after 10 days.

The number of behavioral abnormalities (affected, apathetic and moribund bees) was increasing with increasing dose from the concentration level of 625 μg/kg to 5000 μg/kg.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

In the toxic reference group treated with dimethoate, 100 % mortality was recorded at the end of the 10-day examination phase. Consequently, the validity criteria for the test were met and the test was deemed valid.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

10-day NOEC = 312.5 µg/kg
10-day NOEDD = 0.0106 µg/bee

Executive summary:

The aim of this study was to assess the chronic effects of methomyl on the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., in a 10 days chronic feeding test under laboratory conditions. There is no finalized and internationally accepted testing guideline available. Therefore, the study was conducted based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group. Honey bees were fed ad libitum with a 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution and methomyl at the concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg. The feeding solutions were prepared fresh every day. The control group was exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to untreated 50 % (w/v) aqueous sucrose solution. The reference item treatment group was also exposed for the same period of time under identical exposure conditions to a treated feeding solution containing 0.9 mg dimethoate/kg. The analytical verification of the test item concentrations in stock and feeding solutions was done by analyzing the content of the active substance, methomyl in the samples taken before the 1st application. Assessments of mortality and behavioral abnormalities were carried out daily during the 10- day test period. Furthermore, the food consumption was determined daily.

 

In the control group a mortality of 2.5 % was observed at the end of the 10-day examination phase. In the toxic reference group treated with dimethoate, 100 % mortality was recorded at the end of the 10-day examination phase. Consequently, the validity criteria for the test were met and the test was deemed valid.

 

In the test item groups 0.0, 20.0, 62.5, 72.5 and 100 % mortality (corrected: -2.6, 17.9, 61.5, 71.8 and 100 %) was observed at the test item concentration levels of 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 and 5000 μg/kg, respectively, at the final assessment after 10 days.

 

The number of behavioral abnormalities (affected, apathetic and moribund bees) was increasing with increasing dose from the concentration level of 625 μg/kg to 5000 μg/kg.

 

The NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) was determined to be 312.5 μg/kg, and the NOEDD (No Observed Effect Dietary Dose) was determined to be 0.0106 μg/bee/day.

Description of key information

Duration/Value Type	Species	Value	Guideline	Reliability
Oral LD50	honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)	0.28 µg/bee	EPPO Guideline No. 170	1
Oral NOEL	honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)	0.09 µg/bee	EPPO Guideline No. 170	1
Contact LD50	honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)	0.16 µg/bee	EPPO Guideline No. 170	1
Contact NOEL	honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)	0.08 µg/bee	EPPO Guideline No. 170	1
Oral LD50	bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L	34.3 µg/bee	Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)	1
Oral NOEL	bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L	11.7 µg/bee	Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)	1
Contact LD50	bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L	36.4 µg/bee	Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)	1
Contact NOEL	bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L	6.25 µg/bee	Test design based on OEPP/EPPO 170 (4) (2010), OECD 213 and 214 (1998), VAN DER STEEN (2001) and Minutes of ICPPR Workshop Non-Apis bees (held on 6 March 2014, Niefern, Germany and February 2015 in Limburgerhof, Germany)	1
72-h LD50	honey bee,Apis mellifera L	3.46 µg/larvae	OECD 237	1
72-h NOED	honey bee,Apis mellifera L	0.12 µg/larvae	OECD 237	1
10-day NOEC	honey bee,Apis mellifera L	312.5 µg/kg	based on the publication of Kling, A. and Schmitzer, S. (2015) and the recent recommendations of the OECD ring test group.	2
14-day EC50	soil mite,Hypoaspis aculeifer	16.51 mg/kg dry soil	OECD 226	1
14-day NOEC	soil mite,Hypoaspis aculeifer	10.5 mg/kg dry soil	OECD 226	1

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Short-term EC50 or LC50 for soil dwelling arthropods:

16.51 mg/kg soil dw

Long-term EC10, LC10 or NOEC for soil dwelling arthropods:

10.5 mg/kg soil dw