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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 209-798-7 | CAS number: 593-56-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- other information
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Oxidation of ammonia and hydroxylamine to nitrate in the rat and in vitro
- Author:
- Saul, R.L., and Archer, M.C.
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Carcinog. 5 (1), 77-81
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Oxidation of ammonia and hydroxylamine to nitrate in the rat and in vitro
- Author:
- Saul, R.L., and Archer, M.C.
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- IARC Sci. Publ. (ONeill, I.K. et al., ed.), 57, 241-246
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Hydroxylammonium chloride
- EC Number:
- 226-798-2
- EC Name:
- Hydroxylammonium chloride
- Cas Number:
- 5470-11-1
- Molecular formula:
- ClH.H3NO
- IUPAC Name:
- hydroxyammonium chloride
- Details on test material:
- Hydrochloride [5470-11-1], not further specified
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
Test animals
- Species:
- rat
- Strain:
- Sprague-Dawley
- Sex:
- male
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: unspecified
- Duration and frequency of treatment / exposure:
- once
Doses / concentrations
- Remarks:
- Doses / Concentrations:
Ca. 4.7 % of 20 µmol 15N-labelled HA.HCl (= ca. 3.5 mg base/kg)
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
It was recovered as nitrate in urine with the maximum at day 4. Metabolic induction (500 mg/kg Arochlor) did not increase endogenous nitrate synthesis.
Since it could be shown that ammonia is converted into nitrate in very low amounts (ca. 0.008 %), the authors speculate that ammonia may be oxidized to nitrate via HA with reactive oxygen species involved.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Executive summary:
The study findings indicate that ammonia is oxidized to nitrate in the rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats gavaged with 1000 μmol N-15ammonium chloride each day for 5 days were found to excrete low, but significant amounts of excess N-15-nitrate in their urines on the five days of treatment and on the five subsequent days. A total of 0.28 ± 0.03 μmol excess N-15-nitrate (mean ± SE) per rat was recovered, which indicates that ammonia is converted to nitrate in a yield of ̃0.0080%. The oxidation of N-15-labeled glycine and L-glutamic acid to N-15-nitrate could not be detected. N-15-Hydroxylamine was oxidized in the rat to N-15-nitrate in a yield of 4.7%, which shows that hydroxylamine is a possible intermediate in tbe ammonia oxidation process. Injection of rats with Arochlor 1254, an Inducer of several isozymes of cytochrome P-450, did not significantly affect the rate of endogenous nitrate synthesis. Carbon tetrachloride, which causes hepatic lipid peroxidation, produced a small but significaot increase in nitrate synthesk. We confirmed the observation that a bacterial endotoxin can greatly stimulate nitrate synthesis, and we showed that concument treabnent with superoxide dhsmutase does not modify the effect of the endotoxin. An in vitro chemical model system was used to demonstrate that oxidation of ammonia to nitrate by the hydmxyl radical at physiological pH is chemically feasible. Our results are consistent with the hypothesk that ammonia is oxidhed to nitrate in vivo by a ooneqmatic process which invohes active oxygen species such as the hydroxyl radical. We estimate that a 215 g rat produces 3.0 μmol of nitrate per day via ammonia oxidation
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