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EC number: 263-158-1 | CAS number: 61790-67-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
![](https://echa.europa.eu/o/diss-blank-theme/images/factsheets/A-REACH/factsheet/print_toxicological-information.png)
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin corrosion: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 December 2015 to 10 December 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 016
- Report date:
- 2016
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 431 (In Vitro Skin Corrosion: Human Skin Model Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: EU Method B.40bis
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Fatty acids, tallow, compds. with triethanolamine
- EC Number:
- 263-158-1
- EC Name:
- Fatty acids, tallow, compds. with triethanolamine
- Cas Number:
- 61790-67-8
- IUPAC Name:
- Fatty acids, tallow, esters of triethanolamine
- Test material form:
- liquid
- Details on test material:
- Appearance: Brown liquid
Storage: At ambient temperature, protected from light
1
In vitro test system
- Test system:
- human skin model
- Source species:
- human
- Cell type:
- other: EpiDerm™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis
- Details on animal used as source of test system:
- SOURCE ANIMAL
Model: Three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis.
- Supplier: MatTek
- Batch number: 23306
- Date recieved: 08 December 2015 - Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Details on test system:
- RECONSTRUCTED HUMAN EPIDERMIS (RHE) TISSUE
- Model used: EpiDerm™ Reconstructed Human Epidermis
- Tissue batch number(s): 23306
- Delivery date: 08 December 2015
- Date of initiation of testing: 09 December 2016
Upon receipt of the EpiDerm™ tissues, the sealed 24-well plate was stored in the refrigerator until use.
TEMPERATURE USED FOR TEST SYSTEM
- Temperature used during treatment / exposure: 37 °C
- Temperature of post-treatment incubation: The plates were refrigerated over night.
REMOVAL OF TEST MATERIAL AND CONTROLS
- Observable damage in the tissue due to washing: None specified
MTT DYE USED TO MEASURE TISSUE VIABILITY AFTER TREATMENT / EXPOSURE
- MTT concentration: 1.0 mg/mL
- Incubation time: 60 minutes
- Spectrophotometer: Anthos 2001 microplate reader.
- Wavelength: 562 nm
After extraction, each tissue was pierced with a pipette fitted with a 1000 µL tip and the extraction solution was forced vigorously up and down to form a homogenous solution. 3 x 200 µL aliquots of the extract were transferred to the appropriate wells of a pre-labelled 96-well plate. 200 µL of isopropanol alone was added to the three wells designated as blanks.
Pre-test procedure – Assessment of direct Test Item reduction of MTT
The MTT assay, a colorimetric method of determining cell viability, is based on reduction of the yellow tetrazolium salt (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) to a blue formazan dye by mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase in viable cells.
One limitation of the assay is possible interference of the test material with MTT. A test material may directly reduce MTT, thus mimicking dehydrogenase activity of the cellular mitochondria. This property of the test material is only a problem if at the time of the MTT test (after rinsing) there is still a sufficient amount of the test material present on or in the tissues. In this case, the true metabolic MTT reduction and the false direct MTT reduction can be differentiated and quantified.
Test for Direct MTT Reduction:
As specified, a test material may interfere with the MTT endpoint, if it was able to directly reduce MTT and at the same time was present on or in the tissues when the MTT viability test was performed. To identify this possible interference, the test material was checked for the ability to directly reduce MTT according to the procedure below:
50 µL of the test material was added to 1 mL of a freshly prepared 1.0 mg/mL MTT solution. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 °C, 5 % CO2 in air for 60 minutes. Untreated MTT solution was tested concurrently to act as a control.
If the MTT solution containing the test material turns blue relative to the control, the test material was presumed to have reduced the MTT and the determination of skin corrosion potential would be performed in parallel on viable and freeze-killed tissues for quantitative correction of the results.
The test material was shown to directly reduce MTT in the direct MTT reduction test. There was a possibility that if the test material could not be totally rinsed off the tissues, any residual test material present on or in the tissue may directly reduce MTT and could have given rise to a false negative result. Therefore, the determination of skin corrosion potential was performed in parallel on viable and freeze-killed tissues.
This step was a functional check which employs freeze-killed tissues that possess no metabolic activity but absorb and bind the test material like viable tissues.
In addition to the normal test procedure, the MTT reducing test material was applied to two freeze-killed tissues. In addition, two freeze-killed tissues remained untreated. The untreated freeze-killed control showed a small amount of MTT reduction due to residual reducing enzymes within the killed tissues.
NUMBER OF REPLICATE TISSUES:
Two six-well plates per exposure period.
CONTROL TISSUES USED IN CASE OF MTT DIRECT INTERFERENCE
- Freeze-killed tissues
- Procedure used to prepare the killed tissues: Freeze-killed tissues were prepared by placing untreated EpiDerm™ tissues in an empty 12-well plate and storing in the freezer (-14 to -30 °C) for a minimum of 24 hours. Before use, each tissue was thawed by placing in 0.9 mL of maintenance medium for approximately 1 hour at room temperature.
- N. of replicates: Two
ASSESSMENT OF COLOUR INTERFERENCE WITH THE MTT ENDPOINT
A test material may interfere with the MTT endpoint if it is coloured. The MTT assay is affected only if the test material is present in the tissues when the MTT viability assay is performed.
50 µL of test material was added to 300 µL of sterile water. The solution was incubated in the dark at 37 °C, 5 % CO2 in air for 60 minutes. A visual assessment of the colour was then made.
PRE-INCUBATION
The assay medium was pre-warmed before use. 0.9 mL of this assay medium was pipetted into the appropriate wells of two pre-labelled 6-well plates for both the 3-minute and 60-minute exposure periods. EpiDerm™ tissues were transferred into the 6-well plates containing the assay medium. The 6-well plates containing the EpiDerm™ samples were pre-incubated (37 °C, 5 % CO2) for approximately 1 hour before dosing.
APPLICATION OF TEST MATERIAL AND RINSING
Before pre-incubation was complete, a 24-well plate was prepared for use as a “holding plate” for both the 3-minute and 60-minute exposure periods. This plate was used to maintain the viability of the tissue inserts between rinsing following chemical exposure and MTT loading. Another 24-well plate was prepared for the MTT loading. 300 µL of either pre-warmed assay medium (holding plate) or MTT medium (MTT loading plate) was dispensed into each well. The two plates were placed into the incubator until required.
After pre-incubation of the EpiDerm™ tissues, the medium was aspirated and replaced with 0.9 mL of fresh assay medium. The 6-well plate for the 3-minute exposure period was returned to the incubator, while the other was being dosed for the 60-minute exposure. For the 60-minute exposure period, 50 µL of sterile distilled water (negative control) was added to the first two tissues. The tissues were dosed at regular intervals to allow for the time taken to rinse each tissue following exposure and to ensure that each tissue gets an equal exposure time. 50 µL of the test material and 50 µL of 8.0 N potassium hydroxide (positive control) were also applied to the corresponding tissues in turn. The plate was returned to the incubator (37 °C, 5 % CO2) for the 60-minute exposure period.
When dosing for the 60-minute exposure period was complete, the same procedure was repeated for the 3-minute exposure period. Because the exposure time was so short, the tissues were dosed at regular intervals to ensure that each tissue received an equal exposure time and to allow for the time taken to rinse each tissue following exposure. Rinsing was achieved by filling and emptying each tissue under a constant soft stream of DPBS to gently remove any residual test material. Excess DPBS was removed by blotting the bottom of the tissue insert with tissue paper. Each tissue was placed into the prepared holding plate until all tissues were rinsed. They were then blotted and transferred to the 24-well plate prepared for MTT loading. The plate was incubated (37 °C, 5 % CO2) for 3 hours. Once the 60-Minute exposure period was complete, the same rinsing and MTT loading procedure was repeated.
After the 3-hour MTT incubation was complete, the inserts were blotted and transferred to labelled 24-well plates for MTT extraction. 2 mL of MTT extractant (isopropanol) was used to completely immerse each insert and the plate was covered with plate sealer to prevent Isopropanol evaporation. The plates were placed into a refrigerator overnight, to allow extraction to proceed
PREDICTION MODEL / DECISION CRITERIA
- The test substance is considered to be corrosive to skin if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is less than 50 %, or if the viability after 3 minutes exposure is greater than or equal to 50 % and the viability after 1 hour exposure is less than 15 %. - Control samples:
- yes, concurrent negative control
- yes, concurrent positive control
- Amount/concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 50 µL
NEGATIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 50 µL. The negative control item was used as described.
POSITIVE CONTROL
- Amount applied: 50 µL. The positive control item was used as described. - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 3 minute and 60 minute exposure periods.
- Duration of post-treatment incubation (if applicable):
- 3 hours
- Number of replicates:
- Duplicate tissues were treated with the test material, negative and positive control.
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 3 minute exposure period
- Value:
- 103.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation / corrosion parameter:
- % tissue viability
- Run / experiment:
- 60 mintute exposure period
- Value:
- 102.4
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not applicable
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
- - OTHER EFFECTS:
- Direct-MTT reduction:
An assessment found the test material was able to directly reduce MTT. Therefore, an additional procedure using freeze-killed tissues was performed during the determination of skin irritation potential. However, the results obtained showed a negligible degree of interference (0.9 % relative to the negative control after 3 minutes exposure and 0.0 % relative to the negative control after 60 minutes exposure) due to direct reduction of MTT occurred. It was therefore considered unnecessary to use the results of the freeze-killed tissues for quantitative correction of results.
3 minutes exposure:
Mean of test material treated killed tissues (tkt) = 0.149 OD562
Mean of untreated killed tissues (ukt) = 0.132 OD562
The direct reduction by the test material relative to the negative control value:
(0.149 (tkt) – 0.132 (ukt)) / 1.884 (mean of negative control) = 0.9 %
60 minutes exposure:
Mean of test material treated killed tissues (tkt) = 0.114 OD562
Mean of untreated killed tissues (ukt) = 0.150 OD562
The direct reduction by the test material relative to the negative control value:
(0.144 (tkt) – 0.150 (ukt)) / 1.886 (mean of negative control) = 0.0 %
- Colour interference with MTT:
The solution containing the test material did not become coloured. This was taken to indicate the test material did not have the potential to cause colour interference.
QUALITY CRITERIA
The mean OD562 for the negative control treated tissues was 1.884 for the 3 Minute exposure period and 1.886 for the 60 Minute exposure period. The negative control acceptance criteria were therefore satisfied.
The relative mean tissue viability for the positive control treated tissues was 5.1 % relative to the negative control following the 60 Minute exposure period. The positive control acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.
In the range 20-100 % viability the Coefficient of Variation between the two tissue replicates of each treatment group did not exceed 30 %. The acceptance criterion was therefore satisfied.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Mean OD562Values and Viabilities for the Negative Control Item, Positive Control Item and Test Material
Tissue |
Exposure Period |
Mean OD562 of individual tissues |
Mean OD562 of duplicate tissues |
Standard Deviation |
Coefficient of Variation (%) |
Relative Mean Viability (%) |
Negative Control |
3 Minutes |
2.066 |
1.884 |
0.257 |
13.7 |
100* |
1.702 |
||||||
60 Minutes |
1.786 |
1.886 |
0.141 |
7.5 |
||
1.985 |
||||||
Positive Control |
3 Minutes |
0.109 |
0.107 |
0.003 |
N/A |
5.2 |
0.105 |
||||||
60 Minutes |
0.091 |
0.096 |
0.006 |
N/A |
5.1 |
|
0.100 |
||||||
Test Material |
3 Minutes |
2.025 |
1.949 |
0.108 |
5.6 |
103.4 |
1.872 |
||||||
60 Minutes |
1.879 |
1.931 |
0.074 |
3.8 |
102.4 |
|
1.983 |
OD = Optical density
* = The mean % viability of the negative control tissue is set at 100 %.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of this study, the test material was determined to be non-corrosive to the skin
- Executive summary:
A study was performed in vitro to assess the corrosive potential of the test material in accordance with the standardised guidelines OECD 431 and EU Method B.40bis under GLP conditions.
Duplicate tissues were treated with the test material for exposure periods of 3 and 60 minutes. The test employed the use of the EpiDerm™ Human Skin Model. Negative and positive control groups were treated for each exposure period. The test material was found to directly reduce MTT and therefore additional non-viable tissues were incorporated into the testing for correction purposes. At the end of the exposure period the test material was rinsed from each tissue before each tissue was taken for MTT-loading. After MTT loading each tissue was placed in 2 mL Isopropanol for MTT extraction.
At the end of the formazan extraction period each well was mixed thoroughly and triplicate 200 µL samples were transferred to the appropriate wells of a pre-labeled 96-well plate. The optical density (OD) was measured at 562 nm (OD562).
The mean OD562 for the negative control treated tissues was set at 100 for both the 3 minute and 60 minute exposure period. The relative percentage tissue viability for the positive control treated tissues was 5.2 % for a 3 minute exposure and 5.1 for the 60 minute exposure period.
The relative mean viability of the test material treated tissues was 103.4 for the 3 minute exposure period and 102.4 for the 60 minute exposure period.
Under the conditions of this study, the test material was determined to be non-corrosive to the skin.
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Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.
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