4-vinylpyridine

Specific investigations: other studies

Administrative data

Endpoint:

cytotoxicity

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

other: Non guideline, non GLP study on in vitro cytotoxicity. Acceptable, well-documented publication which meets basic scientific principles.

Data source

Reference

Reference Type:

publication

Title:

The role of chemical structure and cell type in the cytotoxicty of low-molecular=weight aldehydes and pyridines

Author:

Bombick DW and Doolittle DJ

Year:

1995

Bibliographic source:

In vitro Toxicology, 8(4):349-356, 1995

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline required

Principles of method if other than guideline:

The neutral red cytotoxicity assay was adapted from a procedure describedy Borenfreund and Puerner, 1984. Cells from various established cell lines were plated into 96-well tissue culture plates. Cells were exposed to various chemicals for 24 hours, and neutral red was added to each well and incubated for 3 hours. Cells were fixed and neutral red content was quantitated by spectrophotometric absorbance, and cellular toxicity was assessed by the degree of neutral red uptake.

GLP compliance:

no

Type of method:

in vitro

Endpoint addressed:

genetic toxicity

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

4-vinylpyridine

EC Number:

202-852-0

EC Name:

4-vinylpyridine

Cas Number:

100-43-6

Molecular formula:

C7H7N

IUPAC Name:

4-ethenylpyridine

Details on test material:

all test chemicals were obtained commerically as spectrophotometric or analytical quality, from the Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

Administration / exposure

Analytical verification of doses or concentrations:

no

Results and discussion

Details on results:

4-Vinylpyridine: EC50 in CHO cells: 0.048 mM. 2-Vinylpyridine: EC50 in CHO cells: 0.5 mM.
Approximate EC50 (in mM) of 4 Vinylpyridine in various cell culture lines:
CHO: 0.05
CCD11Lu: 0.05
A549: 0.1
WB:rat liver: 0.05
JB-6 keratinocytes: 0.01.

Any other information on results incl. tables

Table 1: EC₅₀of several Aldehydes, Pyridines and Standards in CHO cells

Substance	EC50(mM)
Aldehydes
Acrolein	0.009
Formaldehye	0.06
Acetaldehyde	2.3
Propionaldehyde	17.2
Pyridines
4-Vinylpyridine	0.048
2-Vinylpyridine	0.5
4-Picoline	5.4
Pyridine	63.2
Positive Controls
Ammonium hydroxide	29.4
n-Butanol	0.7

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Conclusions:

4-Vinylpyridine was among ten substances assayed in the Neutral Red Uptake Assay, in five cell lines, to assess relative toxicity. 4VP is very cytotoxic to cells in culture, a characteristic which must be taken into account when in vitro toxicity studies are performed..