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EC number: 205-293-0 | CAS number: 137-42-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Genetic toxicity in vitro
Description of key information
Metam Sodium (137-42-8) was evaluated for its mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test. The test result was considered to be negative in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from secondary source.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To evaluate the genetic toxicity of Metam Sodium in Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538 by Standard plate test.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material : Metam-sodium
- Molecular formula : C2H4NNaS2
- Molecular weight : 129.1826 g/mol
- Smiles notation : C(=S)(NC)[S-].[Na+]
- InChl : 1S/C2H5NS2.Na/c1-3-2(4)5;/h1H3,(H2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Target gene:
- Histidine
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- Not applicable.
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Cytokinesis block (if used):
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 metabolic activation
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 20–5000 µg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls:
- not specified
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- not specified
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- not specified
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Details on test system and conditions
METHOD OF APPLICATION: in agar (plate incorporation)
DURATION
Exposure duration: 48 hours
NUMBER OF REPLICATIONS: Duplicate
Other: Triplicate plates per test were used. - Rationale for test conditions:
- not specified
- Evaluation criteria:
- Evaluation was done considering a dose dependent increase in the number of revertants /plate.
- Statistics:
- not specified
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537, TA1538
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mutagenic effect were observed.
- Conclusions:
- Metam Sodium (137-42-8) was evaluated for its mutagenic potential in Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test. The test result was considered to be negative in the presence and absence of metabolic activation.
- Executive summary:
Genetic toxicity study for Metam Sodium was assessed for its mutagenic potential. For this purpose Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay was performed according to OECD Guideline 471. The test substance was exposed to Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test at the concentration of 20–5000 µg/plate. The test substance was exposed for 48 hour in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic effects were observed. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Genetic toxicity in vivo
Description of key information
Metam Sodium(137-42-8)was tested for possible clastogenicity in Chinese hamsters using the bone marrow chromosome analysis method. The test result was considered to be negative as there is no increase in the number of aberrant metaphases.
Link to relevant study records
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / bone marrow chromosome aberration
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- secondary literature
- Justification for type of information:
- Data is from secondary source.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 475 (Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration Test)
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- To evaluate possible clastogenicity of Metam Sodium in Chinese hamsters using the bone marrow chromosome analysis method.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of assay:
- other: In vivo Mammalian Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Test – Chromosomal Analysis"
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material : Metam-sodium
- Molecular formula : C2H4NNaS2
- Molecular weight : 129.1826 g/mol
- Smiles notation : C(=S)(NC)[S-].[Na+]
- InChl : 1S/C2H5NS2.Na/c1-3-2(4)5;/h1H3,(H2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
- Substance type: Organic
- Physical state: Solid - Species:
- hamster, Chinese
- Strain:
- other: SH (chin) Ki
- Sex:
- male/female
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- Not specified
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- Not specified
- Details on exposure:
- Not specified
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 2 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- Single
- Post exposure period:
- Not specified
- Remarks:
- 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 5/sex/group
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Cyclophosphamide
- Route of administration: Oral gavage
- Doses / concentrations: 40 mg/kg - Tissues and cell types examined:
- bone marrow
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- Details of tissue and slide preparation
The animals were sacrificed and the bone marrow of the two femora was prepared 6, 24 and48 hours after administration of the highest dose and 24 hours after treatment of the other groups. - Evaluation criteria:
- 1000 metaphase cells (100/hamster) were scored for each dose level.
- Statistics:
- Not specified.
- Sex:
- male/female
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- no effects
- Vehicle controls validity:
- not specified
- Negative controls validity:
- not specified
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- other: No mutagenic effect were observed
- Conclusions:
- Metam Sodium (137-42-8)was tested for possible clastogenicity in Chinese hamsters using the bone marrow chromosome analysis method. The test result was considered to be negative as there is no increase in the number of aberrant metaphases.
- Executive summary:
In Vivo Genetic toxicity study of Metam Sodium was assessed for its possible clastogenic effect. For this purpose In vivo Mammalian Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Test – Chromosomal Analysis" was performed according to OECD Guideline 475. The test substance was exposed to Chinese hamsters using the bone marrow chromosome analysis method. The test substance was tested in Chinese hamsters at the concentration of 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw. The animals were sacrificed and the bone marrow of the two femora was
prepared 6, 24 and48 hours after administration of the highest dose and 24 hours after treatment of the other groups. Single oral administration of Metam Sodium in doses of 150,
300 and 600 mg/kg bw did not lead to any increase in the number of aberrant metaphases. There were no significant differences in the types and frequency of aberrations between the dose groups and the solvent control group. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic inChinese hamsters bone marrow chromosome analysis. Hence the substance cannot be classified as Gene mutant in vitro.
Reference
Endpoint conclusion
- Endpoint conclusion:
- no adverse effect observed (negative)
Additional information
Genetic toxicity In-vitro;
Various experimental studies were reviewed to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8) . The studies are as mentioned below:
Gene mutation toxicity study was observed by European Commission (European Chemicals Bureau, 2000) to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8 ) using Salmonella typhimurium strains. Genetic toxicity study for Metam Sodium was assessed for its mutagenic potential. For this purpose Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay was performed according to OECD Guideline 471. The test substance was exposed to Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test at the concentration of 20–5000 µg/plate. The test substance was exposed for 48 hour in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic effects were observed. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Standard plate test. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
Supported by an experimental study observed by European Commission (European Chemicals Bureau, 2000) to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8 ) using Salmonella typhimurium strains. Genetic toxicity study for Metam Sodium was assessed for its mutagenic potential. For this purpose Salmonella typhimurium Reverse Mutation Assay was performed according to OECD Guideline 471. The test substance was exposed to Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Preincubation test at the concentration of 4–5000 µg/plate. The test substance was exposed for 48 hour in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. No mutagenic effects were observed. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA92, TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538 by Preincubation test. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
It is further supported by another experimental study observed European Commission (European Chemicals Bureau, 2000) to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8) using mammalian cells. Genetic toxicity study for Metam Sodium was assessed for its mutagenic potential. For this purpose Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by HGPRT assay was performed according to OECD Guideline 476.Chinese hamster CHO-K1 cells were exposed to 0, 0.0000464, 0.0001, 0.000215, 0.000464, 0.001, 0.00215, 0.00464 and 0.01 mg/ml of the test substance for 4 hours with and without metabolic activation in an HGPRT forward mutation assay. No mutagenic effects were observed. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic for Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells by HGPRT assay. Hence the substance cannot be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
Another study observed European Commission (European Chemicals Bureau, 2000) to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8) using Cytogenetic Assay. Genetic toxicity study for Metam Sodium was assessed for its mutagenic potential. For this purpose Cytogenetic Assay was performed according to OECD Guideline 473. The test substance was exposed to human lymphocytes by Cytogenetic Assay at the concentration of0, 10 and 40µg/ml without S–9 mix for 24 hour, while 0, 10, 20 or 40µg/ml with S–9 for 2 hours. Significant Chromosome aberrations were observed in metaphase cells. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be mutagenic for human lymphocytes by Cytogenetic Assay. Hence the substance can be classified as gene mutant in vitro.
Based on the majority of experimental data and applying weight of evidence for the target chemical Metam-sodium (137-42-8) does not induce gene mutation in vitro. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro.
Genetic toxicity In-vivo;
Experimental study was reviewed to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8). The studies are as mentioned below:
Gene mutation toxicity study was observed by European Commission (European Chemicals Bureau, 2000) to determine the mutagenic nature of target substance Metam-sodium (137-42-8 ) using mammalian cells. In Vivo Genetic toxicity study of Metam Sodium was assessed for its possible clastogenic effect. For this purpose In vivo Mammalian Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Test – Chromosomal Analysis" was performed according to OECD Guideline 475. The test substance was exposed to Chinese hamsters using the bone marrow chromosome analysis method. The test substance was tested in Chinese hamsters at the concentration of 0, 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw. The animals were sacrificed and the bone marrow of the two femora was prepared 6, 24 and48 hours after administration of the highest dose and 24 hours after treatment of the other groups. Single oral administration of Metam Sodium in doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg bw did not lead to any increase in the number of aberrant metaphases. There were no significant differences in the types and frequency of aberrations between the dose groups and the solvent control group. Therefore Metam Sodium was considered to be non mutagenic inChinese hamsters bone marrow chromosome analysis. Hence the substance cannot be classified as Gene mutant in vitro.
Based on the experimental data for the target chemical ,Metam-sodium (137-42-8) does not induce gene mutation in vivo. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vivo.
Justification for classification or non-classification
Based on the above annotation and CLP criteria for the target chemical, Metam-sodium (137-42-8) does not induce gene mutation in vitro as well as In vivo. Hence the test chemical is not likely to classify as a gene mutant in vitro and vivo.
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