Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 205-861-8 | CAS number: 156-62-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Phototransformation in water
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 1991-06-26 to 1991-12-13
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- test procedure in accordance with national standard methods with acceptable restrictions
- Study type:
- direct photolysis
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA Guideline Subdivision N 161-2 (Photodegradation Studies in Water)
- Version / remarks:
- , October 1982
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Radiolabelling:
- yes
- Analytical method:
- other: TLC
- Details on sampling:
- Non-exposed and exposed samples were analysed at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days for total radioactivity by LSC.
- Buffers:
- The photolytic stability of [14C]-Cyanamide was studied in aqueous solutions buffered at pH values of 5 and 7.
- Light source:
- Xenon lamp
- Light spectrum: wavelength in nm:
- > 290 - < 400
- Details on light source:
- Test samples were installed in a photolysis chamber using a xenon arc lamp (290 - 400 nm). In addition dark controls, wrapped in foil, were incubated in the photolysis chamber.
- Details on test conditions:
- 14C-Cyanamide was dissolved in methanol (262 µg/mL) and a [12C]/[14C]-isotopic dilution was prepared by adding 924 mg of non-radiolabelled Cyanamide to the stock solution in order to ensure an adequate amount of test material resulting in a concentration of 18.7 mg as/mL (radiochemical purity: 96.8 %). Aqueous solutions with [14C]-Cyanamide were prepared at nominal concentrations of 20 µg/mL and were continuously irradiated under sterile conditions for up to 30 days at 25 ± 1 °C in a photolysis chamber using a xenon arc lamp. In addition dark controls, wrapped in foil, were incubated in the photolysis chamber.
- Duration:
- 30 d
- Temp.:
- 25 °C
- Initial conc. measured:
- 20 other: µg/mL
- Reference substance:
- no
- Dark controls:
- yes
- Computational methods:
- The rate of degradation of Cyanamide was determined using linear regression assuming first order reaction kinetics (DT50).
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 48.2
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 58.2
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 7
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 80.5
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Dark control samples at pH 5
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 86.6
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Dark control samples at pH 7
- Key result
- DT50:
- 28.9 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- DT50:
- 116 d
- Test condition:
- Non-exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- DT50:
- 38.5 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 7
- Key result
- DT50:
- 139 d
- Test condition:
- Non-exposed samples at pH 7
- Predicted environmental photolytic half-life:
- Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded. Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that in contrary to the laboratory conditions natural irradiation in Central Europe does not cause relevant direct photolytic degradation.
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on results:
- Degradation of the test substance Cyanamide was observed in the exposed systems of both buffer solutions. The Cyanamide concentration in the light exposed samples decreased after 30 days to 48.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) and 58.2 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. In the dark control samples the Cyanamide concentration decreased to 80.5 % and 86.6 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7 after 30 days.
One major degradation product, identified as urea, was detected in the light exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD.
Photolytic half-lives were calculated using first-order degradation kinetics and were determined to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. DT50 values of the dark control samples were calculated to be 116 d and 139 d at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results show that photodegradation of Cyanamide occurred in aqueous solution buffered at pH 5 and 7. Photolytic half-lives were calculated to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light-exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. Urea was detected as major degradation product in the light-exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of IMD at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD. These data indicate that photolysis is a more significant degradation pathway at pH 5 and pH 7 (25 °C) than hydrolysis
2. Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded. Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that in contrary to the laboratory conditions natural irradiation in Central Europe does not cause relevant direct photolytic degradation. - Executive summary:
The photolytic stability of [14C]-Cyanamide was studied in aqueous solutions buffered at pH values of 5 and 7. For this purpose 14C-Cyanamide was dissolved in methanol (262 µg/mL) and a [12C]/[14C]-isotopic dilution was prepared by adding 924 mg of non-radiolabelled Cyanamide to the stock solution in order to ensure an adequate amount of test material resulting in a concentration of 18.7 mg as/mL (radiochemical purity: 96.8 %). Aqueous solutions with [14C]-Cyanamide were prepared at nominal concentrations of 20 µg/mL and were continuously irradiated under sterile conditions for up to 30 days at 25 ± 1 °C in a photolysis chamber using a xenon arc lamp. In addition dark controls, wrapped in foil, were incubated in the photolysis chamber. Non-exposed and exposed samples were analysed at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days for total radioactivity by LSC. For identification of parent compound and degradation products the samples were analysed by reversed-phase TLC. Selected samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection to confirm the amounts and identities of the residues identified by TLC. The rate of degradation of Cyanamide was determined using linear regression assuming first order reaction kinetics. The results show that photodegradation of Cyanamide occurred in aqueous solution buffered at pH 5 and 7. The Cyanamide concentration in the light exposed samples decreased after 30 days to 48.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) and 58.2 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. In the dark control samples the Cyanamide concentration decreased to 80.5 % and 86.6 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7 after 30 days. Photolytic half-lives were calculated to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. Urea was detected as major degradation product in the light-exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of IMD at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD. These data indicate that photolysis is a more significant degradation pathway at pH 5 and pH 7 (25 °C) than hydrolysis.
- Endpoint:
- phototransformation in water
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Upon dissolution in water calcium cyanamide is fast transformed to hydrogen cyanamide. Therefore, available information on cyanamide is used in the assessment of calcium cyanamide in a read-across approach.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 48.2
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 58.2
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 7
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 80.5
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Dark control samples at pH 5
- Key result
- % Degr.:
- 86.6
- Sampling time:
- 30 d
- Test condition:
- Dark control samples at pH 7
- Key result
- DT50:
- 28.9 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- DT50:
- 116 d
- Test condition:
- Non-exposed samples at pH 5
- Key result
- DT50:
- 38.5 d
- Test condition:
- Light exposed samples at pH 7
- Key result
- DT50:
- 139 d
- Test condition:
- Non-exposed samples at pH 7
- Predicted environmental photolytic half-life:
- Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded. Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that in contrary to the laboratory conditions natural irradiation in Central Europe does not cause relevant direct photolytic degradation.
- Transformation products:
- yes
- No.:
- #1
- Details on results:
- Degradation of the test substance Cyanamide was observed in the exposed systems of both buffer solutions. The Cyanamide concentration in the light exposed samples decreased after 30 days to 48.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) and 58.2 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. In the dark control samples the Cyanamide concentration decreased to 80.5 % and 86.6 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7 after 30 days.
One major degradation product, identified as urea, was detected in the light exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD.
Photolytic half-lives were calculated using first-order degradation kinetics and were determined to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. DT50 values of the dark control samples were calculated to be 116 d and 139 d at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The results show that photodegradation of Cyanamide occurred in aqueous solution buffered at pH 5 and 7. Photolytic half-lives were calculated to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light-exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. Urea was detected as major degradation product in the light-exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of IMD at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD. These data indicate that photolysis is a more significant degradation pathway at pH 5 and pH 7 (25 °C) than hydrolysis
2. Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded. Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that in contrary to the laboratory conditions natural irradiation in Central Europe does not cause relevant direct photolytic degradation.
Upon dissolution in water calcium cyanamide is fast transformed to hydrogen cyanamide. Therefore, available information on cyanamide is used in the assessment of calcium cyanamide in a read-across approach.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints" - Executive summary:
The photolytic stability of [14C]-Cyanamide was studied in aqueous solutions buffered at pH values of 5 and 7. For this purpose 14C-Cyanamide was dissolved in methanol (262 µg/mL) and a [12C]/[14C]-isotopic dilution was prepared by adding 924 mg of non-radiolabelled Cyanamide to the stock solution in order to ensure an adequate amount of test material resulting in a concentration of 18.7 mg as/mL (radiochemical purity: 96.8 %). Aqueous solutions with [14C]-Cyanamide were prepared at nominal concentrations of 20 µg/mL and were continuously irradiated under sterile conditions for up to 30 days at 25 ± 1 °C in a photolysis chamber using a xenon arc lamp. In addition dark controls, wrapped in foil, were incubated in the photolysis chamber. Non-exposed and exposed samples were analysed at 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days for total radioactivity by LSC. For identification of parent compound and degradation products the samples were analysed by reversed-phase TLC. Selected samples were analysed by HPLC with UV detection to confirm the amounts and identities of the residues identified by TLC. The rate of degradation of Cyanamide was determined using linear regression assuming first order reaction kinetics. The results show that photodegradation of Cyanamide occurred in aqueous solution buffered at pH 5 and 7. The Cyanamide concentration in the light exposed samples decreased after 30 days to 48.2 % of initial measured dose (IMD) and 58.2 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. In the dark control samples the Cyanamide concentration decreased to 80.5 % and 86.6 % of IMD at pH 5 and pH 7 after 30 days. Photolytic half-lives were calculated to be 28.9 d and 38.5 d in the light exposed samples at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. Urea was detected as major degradation product in the light-exposed samples at maximum concentrations of 12.2 % of IMD at pH 7 and 42.4 % of IMD at pH 5. Urea was also detected in the pH 5 dark control samples at concentrations up to 8.18 % of IMD. These data indicate that photolysis is a more significant degradation pathway at pH 5 and pH 7 (25 °C) than hydrolysis.
This information is used in a read-across approach in the assessment of the target substance.
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints"
Referenceopen allclose all
- The mass balance in light exposed and dark control samples ranged from 89.1 to 103 % of applied radioactivity with mean recoveries of 98.3 % for light exposed samples and 96.1 % for dark control samples
- Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra
- Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded
Photochemical degradation of14C-Cyanamide in sterile buffers:
Time |
System |
pH 5 |
pH 7 |
||||
Total14C |
Cyanamide |
Urea |
Total14C |
Cyanamide |
Urea |
||
0 |
- |
100 |
94.0 |
n.d. |
100 |
96.7 |
n.d. |
1 |
NON EXP |
99.5 100 |
95.1 96.3 |
n.d. n.d. |
103 102 |
99.8 95.6 |
n.d. n.d. |
3 |
NON EXP |
100 100 |
93.1 91.9 |
1.96 3.28 |
100 101 |
96.5 91.1 |
n.d. 1.78 |
7 |
NON EXP |
100 99.0 |
89.7 87.6 |
4.32 6.59 |
102 101 |
96.9 87.1 |
n.d. 3.49 |
14 |
NON EXP |
91.7 95.1 |
81.6 70.3 |
4.77 19.3 |
94.6 90.1 |
88.7 70.9 |
n.d. 6.57 |
21 |
NON EXP |
92.6 93.1 |
82.5 56.7 |
5.60 30.5 |
94.6 89.1 |
87.3 61.6 |
n.d. 9.0 |
30 |
NON EXP |
92.6 93.6 |
80.5 48.2 |
8.18 42.4 |
94.1 89.6 |
86.6 58.2 |
n.d. 12.2 |
Photochemical degradation of [14C]-Cyanamide in sterile buffers:
pH |
System |
DT50[d] |
R2 |
5 |
NON |
116 |
0.9282 |
EXP |
28.9 |
0.9924 |
|
7 |
NON |
139 |
0.9293 |
EXP |
38.5 |
0.9827 |
- The mass balance in light exposed and dark control samples ranged from 89.1 to 103 % of applied radioactivity with mean recoveries of 98.3 % for light exposed samples and 96.1 % for dark control samples
- Quantum yield was not determined in the presented study, since the adsorption coefficient at 290 nm is below 10 in UV-VIS spectra
- Under laboratory conditions (Xenon lamp 290 - 400 nm), Cyanamide was moderately degraded
Photochemical degradation of14C-Cyanamide in sterile buffers:
Time |
System |
pH 5 |
pH 7 |
||||
Total14C |
Cyanamide |
Urea |
Total14C |
Cyanamide |
Urea |
||
0 |
- |
100 |
94.0 |
n.d. |
100 |
96.7 |
n.d. |
1 |
NON EXP |
99.5 100 |
95.1 96.3 |
n.d. n.d. |
103 102 |
99.8 95.6 |
n.d. n.d. |
3 |
NON EXP |
100 100 |
93.1 91.9 |
1.96 3.28 |
100 101 |
96.5 91.1 |
n.d. 1.78 |
7 |
NON EXP |
100 99.0 |
89.7 87.6 |
4.32 6.59 |
102 101 |
96.9 87.1 |
n.d. 3.49 |
14 |
NON EXP |
91.7 95.1 |
81.6 70.3 |
4.77 19.3 |
94.6 90.1 |
88.7 70.9 |
n.d. 6.57 |
21 |
NON EXP |
92.6 93.1 |
82.5 56.7 |
5.60 30.5 |
94.6 89.1 |
87.3 61.6 |
n.d. 9.0 |
30 |
NON EXP |
92.6 93.6 |
80.5 48.2 |
8.18 42.4 |
94.1 89.6 |
86.6 58.2 |
n.d. 12.2 |
Photochemical degradation of [14C]-Cyanamide in sterile buffers:
pH |
System |
DT50[d] |
R2 |
5 |
NON |
116 |
0.9282 |
EXP |
28.9 |
0.9924 |
|
7 |
NON |
139 |
0.9293 |
EXP |
38.5 |
0.9827 |
Description of key information
Upon dissolution in water calcium cyanamide is fast transformed to hydrogen cyanamide. Therefore, available data for the phototransformation of hydrogen cyanamide in water are used in a read-across approach for the assessment of calcium cyanamide.
The photolytical half-life of cyanamide in buffered aqueous solutions was calculated to be 28.9 days and 38.5 days at pH 5 and pH 7, respectively. Urea was detected as major degradation product in the light exposed samples.
The half-life of 38.5 days at pH 7 is carried forward as key value for chemical safety assessment.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Half-life in water:
- 38.5 d
Additional information
For detailled description where read across is used/recommended and where it is preferrable to refain from read across, please see section 13.2 "read across justification for environmental endpoints" and "Scientific rationale for not using cyanamide as read-across substance for calcium cyanamide on toxicological endpoints"
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.