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EC number: 214-290-3 | CAS number: 1119-94-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-04-23 to 2018-05-04
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2011-07-28
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2009-08-24
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: The samples were taken from the biological phase of the study. One sample from the freshly prepared stock solution and duplicate samples from the freshly prepared test media (containing algae) of all test concentrations and from the control were taken at the start of the test. For the determination of the stability of the test item under the test conditions and of the maintenance of the test item concentrations during the test period, duplicate samples from the test media of all test concentrations and the control (containing algae) were taken at the end of the test (after the 72 hours test period) by pouring together the contents of the test beakers of each treatment. All samples were diluted by a factor of two with acetonitrile. Additional samples of the control and of the dilution solvent acetonitrile were taken at each sampling without any sample treatment.
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: All samples were stored in a freezer (< - 20 °C), protected from light until analysis was performed. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
- Method:
Volumes of approximately 50 mL of algal suspension per replicate were continuously stirred with magnetic stirrers in 50 mL Erlenmeyer flasks. The flasks were covered with glass dishes and incubated in a water bath.
- Controls:
Additionally, one replicate of each test concentration and of the control was prepared without algae to provide a "blank" for the spectrophotometric measurements. The additional replicates were incubated under the same conditions as described above.
- Evidence of undissolved material: No - Test organisms (species):
- Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: 86.81 SAG
- Source: Cultivated in the laboratories of ibacon; original source: "Sammlung von Algenkulturen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institut fur Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universitat Gottingen", 37073 Gottingen, Germany.
- Age of inoculum: Exponentially growing
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions: same as test
- Any deformed or abnormal cells observed: No - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- Calculated water hardness of the test water: 0.24 mmol/L (= 24 mg/L) as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 22.0 to 23.7 °C
- pH:
- At test start 7.8 to 7.9, at the end of the test 8.0 to 9.9
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not available
- Salinity:
- Not applicable
- Conductivity:
- Not available
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 0.10, 0.032, 0.010, 0.0032 and 0.0010 mg test item/L
Geometric mean measured: 94.6, 28.6, 6.51, 1.58 and 0.620 µg test item/L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Erlenmeyer flasks
- Material, size: Glass, 50 mL, closed with glass dishes
- Initial cells density: Approx. 5000 algal cells per mL test medium
- No. of vessels per concentration: 3
- No. of vessels per control: 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: Yes
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Preparation of dilution water: Reconstituted water (OECD Medium) prepared with deionised water
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: Yes
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous illumination
- Light intensity: Mean light intensity: 6820 lux (6230 to 7250 lux).
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED :
- Determination of cell concentrations: Spectrophotometer
- Observation intervals: 24, 48 and 72 hours - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 59.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 54.5 - 65.8 µgL
- Key result
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 5.12 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 4.05 - 6.42 µg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 11.9 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 10.1 - 14.0 µg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.58 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.51 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.53 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 6.00 - 9.45 µg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC20
- Effect conc.:
- 2.64 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 1.93 - 3.64 µg/L
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- 1.53 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95 % conf. interval: 1.00 - 2.30
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.58 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 6.51 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- biomass
- Details on results:
- - Exponential growth in the control: Yes
- Observation of abnormalities: No
- Any stimulation of growth found in any treatment: No
- Any observations that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: No
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: No - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- Not applicable
- Reported statistics and error estimates:
- Based on the calculated cell densities, the 72 hours ErC50 and the 72 hours EyC50 (see Definitions), the corresponding EC20 and EC10 values and where possible their 95 %-confidence limits were calculated by non-linear regression using the 3-param. normal CDF. For the determination of the 72 hours LOEC and the 72 hours NOEC, the calculated growth rates and yields at each test concentration were tested for significant differences compared to the control values by Williams t-test. The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1, ToxRat® Solutions GmbH.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a valid Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD TG 201, EU Method C.3 with Desmodesmus subspicatus the 72-hour EyC50 of the test item was calculated to be 7.53 µg/L and the ErC50 59.9 µg/L. The 72-hour EyC10 was calculated to be 1.53 µg test item/L and the ErC10 5.12 µg test item/L.
- Executive summary:
A Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD TG 201, EU Method C.3 and GLP principles was carried out in order to determine the inhibitory effect of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (strain No.86.81 SAG). For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures of this unicellular green algal species were exposed to 5 concentrations of the test item (0.10, 0.032, 0.010, 0.0032 and 0.0010 mg test item/L in nominal) with three replicates per test concentration and six replicates for the blank control. At test start 50 mL of the test concentrations were inoculated with approx. 5000 algal cells per mL test medium and defined volumes of the algal suspensions were sampled after 24, 48 and 72 hours for determination of cell densities by spectrophotometrical measurement. The inhibition of growth in relation to control cultures was determined over a test period of 72 hours. The initial concentrations and the maintenance of the exposure concentrations during the test were verified by LC-MS/MS analysis to be 94.6, 28.6, 6.51, 1.58 and 0.620 µg/L (geometric mean). Thus, all reported results refer to geometric mean measured values since the concentrations of the test item were not within ± 20% of the measured initial concentrations during the test. The72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be 7.53 µg test item/L and the ErC50 59.9 µg test item/L. The 72-hour EyC10 was calculated to be 1.53 µg test item/L and the ErC10 5.12 µg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be 1.58 µg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC of 6.51 µg test item/L. The 72 -hour NOErC was determined to be 1.58 µg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC is 6.51 µg test item/L. All validity criteria of the guidelines were fulfilled.
Reference
Table 1: Growth rate during the Test Period of 72 Hours
Geometric mean measured concentration [µg test item/L] |
Flask No. | Growth rates [1/day] after | ||
0 - 24 hours | 0 - 48 hours | 0- 72 hours | ||
Control | 1 | 2.06 | 1.886 | 1.685 |
2 | 2.001 | 1.841 | 1.631 | |
3 | 2.169 | 1.882 | 1.642 | |
4 | 2.06 | 1.841 | 1.66 | |
5 | 2.169 | 1.857 | 1.671 | |
6 | 1.938 | 1.803 | 1.639 | |
m | 2.066 | 1.852 | 1.655 | |
s | 0.092 | 0.031 | 0.021 | |
0.62 | 1 | 2.169 | 1.836 | 1.632 |
2 | 1.938 | 1.846 | 1.647 | |
3 | 2.06 | 1.846 | 1.672 | |
m | 2.055 | 1.843 | 1.65 | |
s | 0.116 | 0.006 | 0.02 | |
1.58 | 1 | 1.87 | 1.797 | 1.628 |
2 | 1.938 | 1.82 | 1.644 | |
3 | 2.06 | 1.836 | 1.668 | |
m | 1.956 | 1.818 | 1.647 | |
s | 0.096 | 0.019 | 0.02 | |
6.51 | 1 | 2.001 | 1.659 | 1.473 |
2 | 2.06 | 1.586 | 1.374 | |
3 | 2.06 | 1.62 | 1.423 | |
m | 2.04 | 1.622 | 1.423 | |
s | 0.034 | 0.037 | 0.05 | |
28.6 | 1 | 1.442 | 1.283 | 1.074 |
2 | 1.544 | 1.299 | 1.093 | |
3 | 1.72 | 1.329 | 1.135 | |
m | 1.569 | 1.304 | 1.101 | |
s | 0.141 | 0.023 | 0.032 | |
94.6 | 1 | 1.202 | 0.923 | 0.69 |
2 | 1.056 | 0.923 | 0.663 | |
3 | 0.885 | 0.923 | 0.649 | |
m | 1.048 | 0.923 | 0.667 | |
s | 0.159 | 0 | 0.021 |
m: mean value; s: standard deviation
Table 2: Yield y and Percentage Inhibition of y during the Test Period
Geometric mean measured concentration [ug test item/L] | Yield y [10000 cells/mL] and % inhibition of y | |||||
0 - 24 hours | 0 - 48 hours | 0 - 72 hours | ||||
y | % | y | % | y | % | |
Control | 3.46 | - | 19.822 | - | 71.254 | - |
0.62 | 3.423 | 1.1 | 19.44 | 1.9 * | 70.208 | 1.5 |
1.58 | 3.046 | 12 | 18.465 | 6.8 * | 69.503 | 2.5 |
6.51 | 3.347 | 3.3 | 12.341 | 37.7 * | 35.522 | 50.1 * |
28.6 | 1.917 | 44.6 | * 6.286 | 68.3 * | 13.122 | 81.6 * |
94.6 | 0.938 | 72.9 | * 2.667 | 86.5 * | 3.204 | 95.5 * |
* mean value significantly different from the control (tested with Williams t-test,a= 0.05, one-sided)
Table 3: Growth Rates µ and Percentage Inhibition of µ during theTest Period
Geometric mean measured concentration [µg test item/L] | Growth rate µ [1/day] and % inhibition of µ | |||||
µ | % | µ | % | µ | % | |
Control | 2.066 | - | 1.852 | - | 1.655 | - |
0.62 | 2.055 | 0.5 | 1.843 | 0.5 | 1.65 | 0.3 |
1.58 | 1.956 | 5.3 | 1.818 | 1.8 * | 1.647 | 0.5 |
6.51 | 2.04 | 1.3 | 1.622 | 12.4 * | 1.423 | 14 |
28.6 | 1.569 | 24.1 | * 1.304 | 29.6 * | 1.101 | 33.5 |
94.6 | 1.048 | 49.3 | * 0.923 | 50.2 * | 0.667 | 59.7 |
* mean value significantly different from the control (tested with Williams t-test,a= 0.05,
Table 4: Results for the Determination of the Test Item in the Test Samples
Sample description | Concentration found | D.F. | Concentration calculated nominal | % of nominal1 | Geometric mean measured concentration | |||
sample age | ||||||||
[mg test item/L] | day | [h] | [ug test item/L]1 | [µg test item/L]1 | [µg test item/L]1 | [µg test item/L] | ||
Control (untreated) | 0 | 0 | <LOD | 1 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Control (untreated) | 3 | 72 | <LOD | 1 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Dilution Solvent | 0 | - | <LOD | 1 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Dilution Solvent | 3 | - | <LOD | 1 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Control | 0 | 0 | <LOQ | 2 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Control | 0 | 0 | <LOQ | 2 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Control | 3 | 72 | <LOQ | 2 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
Control | 3 | 72 | <LOQ | 2 | n.a. | 0 | n.a. | |
0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0.574 | 2 | 1.147 | 1 | 115 | |
0.001 | 0 | 0 | 0.523 | 2 | 1.047 | 1 | 105 | |
0.001 | 3 | 72 | 0.12 | 2 | 0.24 | 1 | 24 | 1/2 LOQ used |
0.001 | 3 | 72 | 0.17 | 2 | 0.341 | 1 | 34 | 1/2 LOQ used |
initial mean value (n=2): RSD (n=2): | 110 6 | |||||||
mean value of aged test media (n=2): | 29 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 24 | |||||||
geometric mean value (n=2): | 62 | 0.62 | ||||||
0.0032 | 0 | 0 | 1.519 | 2 | 3.037 | 3.2 | 95 | |
0.0032 | 0 | 0 | 1.677 | 2 | 3.355 | 3.2 | 105 | |
0.0032 | 3 | 72 | 0.394 | 2 | 0.787 | 3.2 | 25 | |
0.0032 | 3 | 72 | 0.384 | 2 | 0.768 | 3.2 | 24 | |
initial mean value (n=2): | 100 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 7 | |||||||
mean value of aged test media (n=2): | 24 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 2 | |||||||
geometric mean value (n=2): | 49 | 1.58 | ||||||
0.01 | 0 | 0 | 5.321 | 2 | 10.642 | 10 | 106 | |
0.01 | 0 | 0 | 4.968 | 2 | 9.936 | 10 | 99 | |
0.01 | 3 | 72 | 2.171 | 2 | 4.343 | 10 | 43 | |
0.01 | 3 | 72 | 1.942 | 2 | 3.884 | 10 | 39 | |
initial mean value (n=2): | 103 5 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | ||||||||
mean value of aged test media (n=2): | 41 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 8 | |||||||
geometric mean value (n=2): | 65 | 6.51 | ||||||
0.032 | 0 | 0 | 16.958 | 2 | 33.916 | 32 | 106 | |
0.032 | 0 | 0 | 16.958 | 2 | 33.916 | 32 | 106 | |
0.032 | 3 | 72 | 12.106 | 2 | 24.211 | 32 | 76 | |
0.032 | 3 | 72 | 11.929 | 2 | 23.858 | 32 | 75 | |
initial mean value (n=2): | 106 0 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | ||||||||
mean value of aged test media (n=2): | 75 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 1 | |||||||
geometric mean value (n=2): | 89 | 28.6 | ||||||
0.1 | 0 | 0 | 48.946 | 2 | 97.892 | 100 | 98 | |
0.1 | 0 | 0 | 57.288 | 2 | 114.576 | 100 | 115 | |
0.1 | 3 | 72 | 37.891 | 2 | 75.781 | 100 | 76 | |
0.1 | 3 | 72 | 46.434 | 2 | 92.867 | 100 | 93 | |
initial mean value (n=2): | 106 11 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | ||||||||
mean value of aged test media (n=2): | 84 | |||||||
RSD (n=2): | 14 | |||||||
geometric mean value (n=2): | 95 | 94.6 | ||||||
overall mean value (n=18): | 83 | |||||||
RSD (n=18): | 37 |
1 The tabulated results represent rounded results calculated on the exact raw data
2 Calculated using mean of duplicates and according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23, Annex 2
LOD: Limit of Detection = 0.06 µg test item/L
LOQ: Limit of Quantification = 0.7 ug test item/L corresponding to 0.35 µg test item/L after dilution by factor 2 n.a.: not applicable; RSD: Relative Standard Deviation; D.F.: Dilution factor
italic: Values below the LOQ. Results reported for information only and excluded from evaluation. For values <LOQ, half the LOQ was used for calculating measured values according to OECD Guidance Document No. 23.
Description of key information
In a Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD TG 201, EU Method C.3 with Desmodesmus subspicatus the 72-hour EyC50 of the substance was calculated to be 7.53 µg/L and the ErC50 59.9 µg/L. The 72-hour EyC10 was calculated to be 1.53 µg test item/L and the ErC10 5.12 µg test item/L (reference 6.1.5 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for freshwater algae:
- 59.9 µg/L
- EC10 or NOEC for freshwater algae:
- 5.12 µg/L
Additional information
A valid 72-hour Growth Inhibition Test according to OECD TG 201, EU Method C.3 and GLP principles was carried out in order to determine the inhibitory effect of the test item on the growth of the freshwater green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus (strain No.86.81 SAG). For this purpose, exponentially growing cultures of this unicellular green algal species were exposed to 5 concentrations of the test item (0.10, 0.032, 0.010, 0.0032 and 0.0010 mg test item/L in nominal) with three replicates per test concentration and six replicates for the blank control.). The test item concentration in the test media was verfied by LC-MS/MS analysis to be 94.6, 28.6, 6.51, 1.58 and 0.620 µg/L (geometric mean, ± 20% of the measured initial concentrations) and hence, results are based on geometric mean measured concentrations. The72-hour EyC50 was calculated to be 7.53 µg test item/L and the ErC50 59.9 µg test item/L. The 72-hour EyC10 was calculated to be 1.53 µg test item/L and the ErC10 5.12 µg test item/L. The 72-hour NOEyC was determined to be 1.58 µg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOEyC of 6.51 µg test item/L. The 72 -hour NOErC was determined to be 1.58 µg test item/L and the associated 72-hour LOErC is 6.51 µg test item/L.
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