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EC number: 214-290-3 | CAS number: 1119-94-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Biodegradation in water: screening tests
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- biodegradation in water: ready biodegradability
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2018-01-30 to 2018-03-08
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 301 F (Ready Biodegradability: Manometric Respirometry Test)
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Oxygen conditions:
- aerobic
- Inoculum or test system:
- activated sludge, domestic, non-adapted
- Details on inoculum:
- - Source of activated sludge: Sewage treatment plant Rossdorf, Germany
- Preparation of inoculum for exposure: The aerobic activated sludge used for this study was washed by centrifugation and the supernatant liquid phase was decanted after 15 minutes of deposition. The solid material was re-suspended in test water and centrifuged again. This procedure was done three times. An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight was determined.
- Concentration of sludge: 3.5 g dry material per litre - Duration of test (contact time):
- 28 d
- Initial conc.:
- 101.8 mg/L
- Based on:
- test mat.
- Remarks:
- corresponding to an oxygen demand of about 240.5 mg/L (ThODNH4) and 261.6 mg/L (ThODN03)
- Parameter followed for biodegradation estimation:
- O2 consumption
- Details on study design:
- TEST CONDITIONS
- Composition of medium: Reconstituted water according to guideline using pure water and analytical grade salts
- Additional substrate: No
- Test temperature: 22°C ± 1°C
- pH:
6.6 - 6.7 (measured at the start of the test and ad¬justed to 7.4 - 7.5)
7.0 to 7.7 (measured at the end of the test)
- pH adjusted: No
- Aeration of dilution water: No
- Continuous darkness: Yes
TEST SYSTEM
- Culturing apparatus: Manometric Test System with test flasks containing a volume of approximately 500 mL; closed test flasks were incubated in a climatised chamber under continuous stirring
- Number of culture flasks/concentration: 2
- Method used to create aerobic conditions: Inoculum aerated
- Measuring equipment: BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany
- Test performed in closed vessels due to significant volatility of test substance: Closed gas-tight by a measuring head
- CO2 trap: Potassium hydroxide solution (45%)
SAMPLING
- Sampling method and frequency: The change of pressure in the test flasks was measured by means of a manometric method (BSB/BOD-Sensor-System, Aqualytic Dortmund, Germany) each day. Nitrogen determination was done using a AA3 Continuous Flow Analyzer and equipment.
CONTROL AND BLANK SYSTEM
- Inoculum blank: 1 flask
- Abiotic sterile control: No
- Toxicity control: Yes, containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate - Reference substance:
- benzoic acid, sodium salt
- Preliminary study:
- None
- Test performance:
- VALIDITY OF THE STUDY
Inoculum control: The oxygen demand of the inoculum control (medium and inoculum) was 33 mg O2/L and thus not greater than 60 mg O2/L within 28 days as required by the test guideline.
pH value: The pH-value of the test item flasks at the end of the test was 7.3 to 7.0 and therefore within the range of pH 6.0 to 8.5 as required by the test guideline.
Reference control: The reference item sodium benzoate was degraded to more than 60% after 4 days of incubation.
Difference of duplicate values: < 20% (for the degradation of the test item at the end of the test and at the end of the 10-day window)
Toxicity Control: If in a toxicity test, containing both the test item and a reference item less than 25% biodegradation (based on total ThOD) occurred within 14 days, the test item can be assumed to be inhibitory. The biodegradation was 60% (based on ThODNO3) at day 14; the test item was not inhibitory. - Key result
- Parameter:
- % degradation (O2 consumption)
- Value:
- 73
- Sampling time:
- 28 d
- Remarks on result:
- other: % ThODNH4
- Details on results:
- The mean biodegradation of 10% of the test item was reached at day 3 (ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 13, the mean degradation of the test item was 67% (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 67% (ThODNO3) and 73% (ThODNH4). The nitrate concentration in the controls after 28 days of incubation was 1.982 mg/L (mean). The nitrate concentration in the test item treated vessels was 0.026 mg/L (LOQ mean). Hence, a nitrification occurred. In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 73% after 28 days.
- Results with reference substance:
- The reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 83% (ThODNH4) after 28 days of incubation. The percentage biodegradation of the reference item confirms the suitability of the used aerobic activated sludge inoculum.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Interpretation of results:
- readily biodegradable
- Conclusions:
- In a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 f and EU Method C.4-D the test item was determined to be readily biodegradable within the 10-day-window and after 28 days (73% based on ThODNH4 and 67% based on ThODNO3).
- Executive summary:
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 f and EU Method C.4-D over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation of the test item (101.8 mg/L) was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms (activated sludge rom the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant) during exposure. Simultaneously, a procedure control (containing the reference item sodium benzoate, 1 replicate), a blank control (containing test medium and inoculum, 2 replicates) and a toxicity control (containing both the test item and the reference item, 1 replicate) were performed. In result, the reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 83% after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 63% (ThODnh4)biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 60% (ThODnh4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (60% and 57% based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25% within 14 days. The mean biodegradation of 10% of the test item was reached at day 3 (ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 13, the mean degradation of the test item was 67% (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 67% (ThODNO3) and 73% (ThODNH4). The nitrate concentration in the controls after 28 days of incubation was 1.982 mg/L (mean). The nitrate concentration in the test item treated vessels was 0.026 mg/L (LOQ mean). Hence, a nitrification occurred. In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 73% after 28 days. In conclusion, the test item is regarded to be readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria. All validity criteria of the guidelines were fulfilled.
Reference
Table 1: Cumulative Biochemical Oxygen Demand (mg O2/L) in Test Flasks during the Test Period of 28 Days
Flask No. | |||||||
Time (days) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 60 | 0 | 15 |
2 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 85 | 0 | 105 |
3 | 15 | 75 | 5 | 5 | 105 | 0 | 135 |
4 | 130 | 135 | 5 | 5 | 120 | 0 | 165 |
5 | 165 | 140 | 5 | 5 | 130 | 0 | 230 |
6 | 170 | 145 | 5 | 10 | 135 | 0 | 245 |
7 | 190 | 160 | 10 | 10 | 140 | 0 | 265 |
8 | 190 | 175 | 10 | 10 | 145 | 0 | 270 |
9 | 190 | 180 | 10 | 10 | 150 | 0 | 270 |
10 | 190 | 180 | 10 | 10 | 150 | 0 | 270 |
11 | 195 | 185 | 10 | 15 | 150 | 0 | 275 |
12 | 195 | 185 | 15 | 15 | 155 | 0 | 275 |
13 | 195 | 185 | 15 | 15 | 155 | 0 | 275 |
14 | 200 | 185 | 15 | 15 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
15 | 200 | 190 | 15 | 15 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
16 | 200 | 190 | 15 | 15 | 160 | 0 | 275 |
17 | 205 | 195 | 20 | 20 | 165 | 0 | 275 |
18 | 205 | 195 | 20 | 20 | 165 | 0 | 275 |
19 | 205 | 200 | 20 | 25 | 165 | 0 | 275 |
20 | 205 | 200 | 25 | 25 | 170 | 0 | 275 |
21 | 210 | 200 | 25 | 25 | 170 | 0 | 275 |
22 | 210 | 200 | 25 | 30 | 170 | 0 | 275 |
23 | 210 | 200 | 25 | 30 | 170 | 0 | 280 |
24 | 210 | 200 | 30 | 35 | 170 | 0 | 280 |
25 | 210 | 200 | 30 | 35 | 170 | 0 | 280 |
26 | 210 | 205 | 30 | 35 | 175 | 0 | 280 |
27 | 210 | 205 | 30 | 35 | 175 | 0 | 280 |
28 | 210 | 205 | 30 | 35 | 175 | 0 | 280 |
Flasks 1 and 2: test item
Flasks 3 and 4: inoculum control
Flask 5: reference (procedure control)
Flask 6: abiotic control
Flask 7: toxicity control
Table 2:
Time (Days) | Percentage Biodegradation1 | |||
Test item | Sodium Benzoate2 | Toxicity control1, 2 | ||
Flask 1 [%] | Flask 2 [%] | Flask 5 [%] | Flask 7 [%] | |
1 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 3 |
2 | 2 | 2 | 50 | 24 |
3 | 4 | 27 | 59 | 30 |
4 | 47 | 50 | 67 | 37 |
5 | 60 | 52 | 73 | 52 |
6 | 61 | 53 | 75 | 54 |
7 | 68 | 58 | 76 | 58 |
8 | 68 | 64 | 79 | 60 |
9 | 68 | 66 | 82 | 60 |
10 | 68 | 66 | 82 | 60 |
11 | 69 | 67 | 81 | 60 |
12 | 68 | 66 | 82 | 60 |
13 | 68 | 66 | 82 | 60 |
14 | 70 | 66 | 85 | 60 |
15 | 70 | 68 | 85 | 60 |
16 | 70 | 68 | 85 | 60 |
17 | 70 | 68 | 85 | 58 |
18 | 70 | 68 | 85 | 58 |
19 | 69 | 69 | 83 | 58 |
20 | 68 | 68 | 85 | 57 |
21 | 70 | 68 | 85 | 57 |
22 | 69 | 67 | 83 | 57 |
23 | 69 | 67 | 83 | 58 |
24 | 67 | 65 | 81 | 57 |
25 | 67 | 65 | 81 | 57 |
26 | 67 | 67 | 83 | 57 |
27 | 67 | 67 | 83 | 57 |
28 | 67 | 67 | 83 | 57 |
1 ThODNO3 of test item: 2.569 mg O2/mg test item
2 ThODNH4 of sodium benzoate: 1.666 mg O2/mg reference item
Description of key information
In a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 f and EU Method C.4-D the test item was determined to be readily biodegradable within the 10-day-window and after 28 days (73% based on ThODNH4 and 67% based on ThODNO3) (reference 5.2.1 -1).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- Biodegradation in water:
- readily biodegradable
- Type of water:
- freshwater
Additional information
The test item was investigated for its ready biodegradability in a Manometric Respirometry Test according to OECD TG 301 f and EU Method C.4-D over a period of 28 days. The biodegradation of the test item (initial concentration: 101.8 mg/L) was followed by the oxygen uptake of the microorganisms (activated sludge from the aeration tank of a domestic waste water treatment plant) during exposure. Simultaneously, a procedure control (containing the reference item sodium benzoate, 1 replicate), a blank control (containing test medium and inoculum, 2 replicates) and a toxicity control (containing both the test item and the reference item, 1 repliate) were performed. In result, the reference item sodium benzoate was sufficiently degraded to 85% after 14 days and to 83% after 28 days of incubation, thus confirming the suitability of the aerobic activated sludge inoculum used. In the toxicity control containing both, the test item and the reference item sodium benzoate, 63% (ThODnh4)biodegradation was noted within 14 days and 60% (ThODnh4) biodegradation after 28 days of incubation (60% and 57% based on ThODNO3). According to the test guidelines, the test item can be assumed to be not inhibitory to the aerobic activated sludge microorganisms because degradation was >25% within 14 days. The mean biodegradation of 10% of the test item was reached at day 3 (ThODNO3). At the end of the 10-day window at day 13, the mean degradation of the test item was 67% (ThODNO3) and therefore the 10 day window criterion was passed. The mean biodegradation at test end after 28 days was 67% (ThODNO3) and 73% (ThODNH4). The nitrate concentration in the controls after 28 days of incubation was 1.982 mg/L (mean). The nitrate concentration in the test item treated vessels was 0.026 mg/L (LOQ mean). Hence, a nitrification occurred. In the case of a nitrification, or transformation of ammonium to nitrate the degradation of the test item was 73% after 28 days. In conclusion, the test item is regarded to be readily biodegradable according to OECD criteria. All validity criteria of the guidelines were fulfilled (reference 5.2.1 -1).
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