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EC number: 292-947-3 | CAS number: 91031-45-7
Toxicity to terrestrial plants
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
Description of key information
EC50 (21 d) 263.79 mg/kg soil based on freshweight of Avena sativa (OECD 208)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
Since no studies investigating the toxicity to terrestrial plants of fatty acids, C16-18, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) esters (3EO) (CAS 91031-45-7) are available for this endpoint, in accordance to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5 a read across to a structurally related analogue substance butylene glycol dicaprylate / dicaprate (CAS 853947-59-8) was conducted. This read-across is justified in detail in the analogue justification in IUCLID Section 13. In this case of read-across, the best suited (highest degree of structural similarity, nearest physico-chemical properties) read-across substance was used for the assessment. Nevertheless, as it can be seen in the data matrix of the analogue justification in section 13 and the overall summary, all reliable data from the analogue substances support the hazard assessment by showing a consistent pattern of results.Testing of the toxicity on plants evaluates the exposure to the test substance via soil pore water. A long-term test is considered not be relevant as the results of the chemical safety assessment according to Annex I of Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 did not indicate the need to investigate further effects of the substance on terrestrial organisms. The substance has been shown to be readily biodegradable and therefore does not have a potential for persistence and thus no indirect chronic exposure of the soil. Additionally, no toxicity was observed in the standard acute toxicity tests to aquatic organisms on the three trophic levels (fish,daphnia, algae). Since indirect exposure is ruled out due to the ready biodegradability of the substance, only direct exposure could pose a risk. A higher solubility would imply that if exposure were to occur this substance would not only be adsorbed to soil particles (log Koc >5) but also concentrations may exist within the soil pore water. The smaller fatty acid chain length increases the water solubility and therefore the bioavailability in the pore water. Water solubility is negatively correlated with the C-chain length of the fatty alcohol and fatty acid (Lide, 2005). Therefore, it is possible to extrapolate from a read-across substance with higher water solubility since it has an increased bioavailability in the pore water and can therefore be seen as a worst case for uptake via pore water (ECHA, 2012).
The study was performed according to OECD 208 with two dicotyledon (Raphanus sativus & Glycine max) and one monocotyledon species (Avena sativa) (Spatz, 2002). Five different concentrations up to 1000 mg/kg soil were tested and the effect parameters germination, phytotoxicity, growth stages, mortality and fresh weight were measured after 21 d. The most sensitive species based on fresh weight was Avena sativa with an EC50 of 263.79 mg/kg soil (NOEC 39 mg/kg soil), followed by Raphanus sativus and Glycine max with an EC50 of 526.47 and 2978.54 mg/kg soil, respectively. Moreover, the test substance caused a statistically significant reduction in germination of Raphanus sativus (from 444 mg/kg soil onwards) but did not affect germination rate of Avena sativa and Glycine max. Phytotoxic effects appeared as reduction of growth stages of Raphanus sativus and Avena sativa. No mortality occurred in soil treated with the test substance. All tested species showed the same effects, which are not typical phytotoxic effects as known for plant protection products (e.g. chlorosis and necrosis). The observed effects resemble a growth depression like response caused by a permanent water deficiency from the beginning of germination more so than a direct causal effect of the test substance toxicity itself. Observed effects might have been caused by obstruction of water uptake through the roots by physical hindrance of uptake.
Based on the results from a structurally related read-across substance (in accordance to Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XI, 1.5) which is characterized by an equal ecotoxicological profile, it can be concluded that effects of fatty acids, C16-18, 1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl) esters (3EO) to terrestrial plants will be in the same range.
References
ECHA (2012): Guidance on information requirements and chemical safety assessment, Chapter R.7b: Endpoint specific guidance.
Lide, D.R., Ed. (2005): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 86th Edition, CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, USA.
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