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Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Available data for 3 specific streams within this category: C9 Resinfeed [CAS 68477-54-3]; E000144700 [CAS 68516-20-1]; and C9 Produkt [CAS 94733-07-0] and on specific constituents (benzene, toluene, n-Hexane) that are present in some streams indicate that acute toxicity is generally expected to be low.

Resin Oil and Cyclic Dienes do not pose an acute hazard following skin contact (dermal LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/Kg). Two streams (E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4]) and the constituent dicyclopentadiene are considered to be hazardous following acute inhalation exposures. Streams containing a high proportion (≥ 25%) of dicyclopentadiene or naphthalene are expected to be hazardous following oral exposures. Styrene is hazardous following acute inhalation exposure and classification will be required for streams containing ≥ 25%. Following acute inhalation exposures to toluene in humans a number of subjective sensations such as headache, dizziness, feeling of intoxication, irritation and sleepiness and decreases in acute neurobehavioural performance are seen. The NOAEC for acute neurobehavioural effects in humans is 50 ppm (188 mg/m³) and labelling will be required for streams containing ≥ 20% toluene.

Additional information

Non-human information

Acute toxicity data are available for 5 streams:

C9 Resin feed [CAS 68477-54-3]: Acute oral dermal and inhalation LD₅₀ values exceed those that trigger labelling (DSM Kunststoffen, 1989b; DSM Limburg, 1990a).

E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4]: Acute toxicity was seen following oral (LD₅₀ < 5000 mg/Kg; UBTL, 1990b) and inhalation exposure (LC50 <5.81 mg/L; UBTL, 1990f) but not dermal exposure (UBTL, 1990g).

E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4]: Oral (LD₅₀ < 5000 mg/Kg; Lyondell, 1990b, c) and inhalation exposure (LC₅₀ <5.81 mg/L; Lyondell, 1990e) indicated some acute toxicity. No evidence of toxicity was seen following dermal exposure (Lyondell, 1990g,h).

E000144700 [CAS 68516-20-1]: There was no evidence of toxicity following oral (Lyondell, 1990a), dermal (Lyondell, 1990i) or inhalation exposure (Lyondell, 1990d).

C9 Produkt [CAS 94733-07-0]: Low acute oral (BASF, 1989a) and inhalation (BASF, 1990a) toxicity was seen with LD₅₀ > 2000mg/Kg and LC₅₀ greater than the highest dose achievable (4.74 mg/L).

Data on the constituents benzene, n-Hexane, toluene, and ethylbenzene indicate that no classification is warranted on the basis of acute lethality following exposure via oral, dermal or inhalation routes.

Xylenes are classified as harmful following exposure via inhalation and dermal routes, however, the maximum concentration in Resin Oils and Cyclic Dienes streams is 20 % which is too low to trigger labelling under CLP (25%). Xylenes exhibit low acute toxicity by oral with the reported LD50 values all exceeding 2000 mg/kg bw. Although xylenes are considered harmful by inhalation and dermal routes, the rationale for this is not clear since the LD is above 2000mg/kg bw and LC50 is clearly above 20,000 mg/m3 and classification would appear not to be justified.

Styrene is considered to be harmful following inhalation exposure.

Toluene produces unsteady gait and other indications of neurobehavioural activity at concentrations < 20 mg/L justifying classification as H336 under CLP.

3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-4,7-methanoindene (DCPD, dicyclopentadiene)is harmful by the oral route with an LD50 value of 590 mg/kg which justifies classification Category 4 (H302) under CLP (Harmonised classification).

Considering the data presented, the calculated 4 hr LC50 of 1972 mg/m3 justifies classification as Category 2 classification under CLP H330 (Fatal if inhaled). Dicyclopentadiene is of low acute toxicity by the dermal route with an LD50 greater than 2000 mg/kg and therefore does not warrant classification under CLP for dermal exposure. Classification under CLP, therefore applies to streams containing ≥

25% DCPD. 

Human information

There are no specific studies on the oral, inhalation or dermal toxicity in humans for streams in this category.

Data from human exposures that provide information on acute exposures that are of value to the risk assessment process are available for benzene and toluene:

Benzene (Classification: GHS/CLP: Category 1, H304): Human data on oral toxicity indicate that ingestion of 15 mL (176 mg/Kg bw) benzene can cause death after collapse, bronchitis and pneumonia (EU, 2008b). Exposure for 5-10 minutes to benzene vapours of 65-61 mg/L is fatal and exposure to 25 mg/L for 30 minutes is dangerous to life, while a one-hour exposure to 1.6 mg/L causes only some symptoms of illness.

Toluene (Classification: GHS/CLP: Category 1, H304, Cat 3 H336): The acute effects of toluene inhalation exposure include headache, dizziness, feeling of intoxication, irritation and sleepiness and decreases in acute neurobehavioural performance at concentrations ≥ 75 ppm (EU, 2003a). A NOAEC of 50 ppm (188 mg/m3) can be determined for acute neurobehavioural effects in humans (Muttray et al, 2005).

References

EU (2003a). European Union Risk Assessment Report for Toluene. EC Joint Research Centre http: //ecb. jrc. ec. europa. eu/DOCUMENTS/Existing- Chemicals/RISK_ASSESSMENT/REPORT/toluenereport032. pdf

EU (2003b). European Union Risk Assessment Report for Napththalene. EC Joint Research Centre. http: //ecb. jrc. ec. europa. eu/DOCUMENTS/Existing-Chemicals/RISK_ASSESSMENT/REPORT/naphthalenereport020. pdf

EU (2008b). European Union Risk Assessment Report for Benzene. EC Joint Research Centre. http: //ecb. jrc. ec. europa. eu/documents/Existing-chemicals/RISK_ASSESSMENT/REPORT/benzenereport063. pdf.

Justification for classification or non-classification

There are sufficient data on 5 streams {C9 Resin feed [CAS 68477-54-3], E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000144700 [CAS 68516-20-1] and C9 Produkt [CAS 94733-07-0]} and on constituent substances to indicate that Resin Oils and Cyclic Dienes streams are of low acute toxicity by the dermal route and do not warrant classification for this end-point under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

 

Two streams (E000044012 [CAS 68478-10-4], E000044146 [CAS 68478-10-4]) were considered to be hazardous following acute inhalation exposures and labelling is proposed as follows: Category 4 H332 “Harmful if inhaled” under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

 

The presence of dicyclopentadiene ≥ 25% will justify the following classifications: Category 2 H330 “Fatal if inhaled” under Reg (EC) 1272/2008 and Category 4 H302 “Harmful if swallowed” under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

 

The viscosity of Category L streams is < 20.5 cSt at 40 °C, therefore the labelling will be required as follows: "Aspiration toxicity Category 1, H304" under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

 

Styrene is classified as harmful following inhalation exposure. Resin Oils and Cyclic Dienes streams that contain ≥25% styrene will justify the following classification: Category 4 H332 “Harmful if inhaled” under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

The presence of  Naphthalene ≥ 25% will justify the following classification: Category 4 H302 “Harmful if swallowed” under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.

 

Data from experimental exposure of human volunteers with a toluene show that dizziness and sleepiness are experienced at air levels < 20 mg/L. Therefore, Resin Oils and Cyclic Dienes streams that contain ≥ 20 % toluene will justify classification Category 3 H336 under Reg (EC) 1272/2008.