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EC number: - | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Basic data given; guideline study (OECD TG 211); test was performed by a laboratory with a high reputation for delivery of robust data.
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Phenol, styrenated; Mono (or di or tri)-(alpha-methylbenzyl) phenol
- no further information - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - no data reported
- Vehicle:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- no further information - Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- - graduate doses of test substance were applied. Individual concentrations are not reported.
- Details on test conditions:
- - no data reported
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.2 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- reproduction
- Details on results:
- Results are reported without any detail in databases (CHRIP/J-CHECK) of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE) of Japan.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- In a test according to OECD TG 211, the 21 d NOEC and EC50 of phenol, styrenated to Daphnia (endpoint reproduction) were determined to be 0.2 and 1.5 mg/L, respectively.
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: GLP guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 211 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.20 (Daphnia magna Reproduction Test)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): distyrenated phenol
- Analytical purity: 97.21% - Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Test substance solutions were prepared as water accommodated fractions (WAF). A saturated stock solution was made for each test substance renewal by direct addition of test substance to dilution water followed by low energy stirring for 48 hours. Test solutions were prepared by diluting the stock solution to corresponding test concentrations - Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Feeding during test: yes
- Frequency: at least five times per week - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 21 d
- Test temperature:
- 18 - 22 °C
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal [µg/L]: 18.75 37.5 75.0 150 300
measured [µg/L]: 20.1 35.7 56.9 115 249 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: fill volume 50 mL
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): three times per week
- No. of organisms per vessel: 1 female
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 10
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): no data
- No. of vessels per vehicle control (replicates): no data
- Biomass loading rate:
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16/8 hrs light/ dark
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): offspring production, parent mortality
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 2
- Range finding study: yes (preliminary acute immobilisation study and 16-day reproduction study) - Duration:
- 21 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 0.115 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (geom. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: reproduction and parental immobilisation
- Details on results:
- No statistically significant effects were observed in the lowest four test concentrations.
At 249 μg/l, a 73 per cent reduction in offspring production and 90 per cent effect on parent mortality was observed. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- In a valid 21-d Daphnia magna reproduction test according to OECD TG 211 conducted under GLP conditions, a NOEC of 0.115 mg/L (measured concentrations) was determined based on both reproduction and parental immobilisation.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Long-term toxicity of phenol, mono- & distyrenated to aquatic invertebrates was examined in two studies according to OECD TG 211 using phenol, styrenated and distyrenated phenol, a ca. 20 to 40 % component of phenol, mono- & distyrenated, as test substances. Resulting NOEC are close together.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.115 mg/L
Additional information
For the assessment of the long-term toxicity of phenol, mono- & distyrenated to aquatic invertebrates, two studies have been located. Both were performed according to OECD TG 211. One is a GLP study using distyrenated phenol as test substances ((Noack/NOACK 2006). Phenol, mono- & distyrenated (Novares LS 500) contains between ca. 20 and 40 % of the 2,4- isomer of this substance. Thus it is justified to use test results for this substance as evidence in characterising phenol, mono- & distyrenated.
The other study was carried out under the Chemical Substance Control Law in order of the National Institute of Technology and Evaluation/Ministry of the Environment of Japan (CHRIP/NITE 1997). The study was performed according to OECD TG 211 and is reported in the Japanese databases CHRIP/J-CHECK (CHRIP/NITE 1997). Details on test performance and results are not available from the database. Nevertheless, results are considered valid as studies from NITE have a high reputation to provide reliable data. The substance tested was phenol, styrenated (CAS 61788-44-1). Composition of the test substance is not reported, but from the substance name under the Chemical Substance Control Law (mono (or di or tri)-(alpha-methylbenzyl)phenol) it can be concluded that the test substance is a mixture of mono-, di-, and tristyrenated phenol. Similarity with Novares LS 500 is considered to be adequate to use data from this test as supporting evidence for the aquatic toxicity characterisation of Novares LS 500.
Results of both studies are presented in the following table.
Study | 21d EC50 | 21d NOEC |
NOACK 2006 | - | 0.115 |
CHRIP/NITE 1997 | 1.5 | 0.200 |
NOEC of both test are close together. Distyrenated phenol appears slightly more toxic to invertebrates than the composite substance phenol, styrenated containing mono-, di-, and tristyrenated phenol. As conservative approach, the lower of the two values is selected for further consideration.
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