Reaction products of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole, sodium salt, with 1-octanethiol and hydrogen peroxide

Toxicity to microorganisms

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

activated sludge respiration inhibition testing

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

3 November 2017 to 17 September 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

- Purity: > 99% (UVCB)
- Description: Clear, yellow liquid

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

Nominal amounts of test item (5, 50 and 500 mg) were each separately dispersed in approximately 200 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and subjected to ultrasonication for approximately 15 minutes followed by magnetic stirring for 24 hours, at temperatures of between 20 ºC and 21 ºC, to maximize the dissolved test item concentration.

All test vessels were shielded from the light during mixing. Synthetic sewage (16 mL), activated sewage sludge (250 mL) and water were added to a final volume of 500 mL to give the required concentrations of 10, 100 and 1000 mg/L (3 replicates for 1000 mg/L).

The pH of the test item dispersions was measured after stirring using a handheld meter and adjusted to between pH 7.0 and 8.0, as necessary.

Test organisms (species):

activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage

Details on inoculum:

The activated sewage sludge sample was maintained on continuous aeration in the laboratory at a temperature of approximately 21 ºC overnight prior to use in the test.

The pH of the sample was 7.3 measured using a handheld meter.

Determination of the suspended solids level of the activated sewage sludge was carried out by filtering a sample (100 mL) of the activated sewage sludge by suction through a pre-weighed GF/A filter paper using a Buchner funnel which was then rinsed 3 times with 10 mL of deionized reverse osmosis water and filtration continued for 3 minutes.

The filter paper was then dried in an oven at approximately 105 ºC for at least one hour and allowed to cool before weighing. This process was repeated until two consecutive dry weights within 4% were attained. The mixed liquor suspended solids concentration was equal to 3.0 g (dry weight)/L prior to use..

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

3 h

Test temperature:

The temperature recorded in the first and last control vessels were measured to be 19 and 21 ºC.

pH:

Recorded between pH 7.3 and 7.8

Dissolved oxygen:

Above saturation level of 8.9 mg O2/L.

Nominal and measured concentrations:

10, 100 and 1000 mg/L

Details on test conditions:

At time "0" 16 mL of synthetic sewage was diluted to 250 mL with water and 250 mL of inoculum added in a 500 mL conical flask (first control).
The mixture was aerated with clean, oil-free compressed air via narrow bore glass tubes at a rate of 0.5 to 1.0 liter per minute. Thereafter, at 15 minute intervals the procedure was repeated for the second control followed by the reference item vessels with appropriate amounts of the reference item being added.
Finally two further control vessels were prepared. The addition of the inoculum to the reaction mixture was considered the start of the 3-hour exposure period for each vessel.

Synthetic Sewage
A synthetic sewage of the following composition, was added to each test vessel to act as a respiratory substrate:
16 g Peptone
11 g Meat extract
3 g Urea
0.7 g NaCl
0.4 g CaCl2.2H2O
0.2 g MgSO4.7H2O
2.8 g K2HPO4
dissolved in a final volume of 1 liter of deionized reverse osmosis water with the aid of ultrasonication. The pH of the synthetic sewage stock was 7.3.

Observations
Observations were made on the test preparations throughout the test period. Observations of the test item vessels at 0 hours were made prior to addition of activated sewage sludge. The temperature was recorded in one of the control vessels at the start and end of the incubation.

pH Measurements
The pH of test preparations was measured at the test start (i.e. after the addition of activated sludge) and at the end of the 3-Hour incubation period.

Oxygen Concentration
The oxygen concentrations in all vessels were measured after 30 minutes contact time.

Measurement of the Respiration Rates
As each vessel reached 3 hours contact time an aliquot was removed from the conical flask and poured into the measuring vessel (250 mL darkened glass Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) bottle) and the rate of respiration was measured as dissolved oxygen. The contents of the measuring vessel were stirred constantly by magnetic stirrer. The rate of respiration for each flask was measured over the linear portion of the oxygen consumption trace (where possible between 7 mg O2/L and 2 mg O2/L). In the case of a rapid oxygen consumption, measurements may have been outside this range but the oxygen consumption was always within the linear portion of the respiration curve. In the case of low oxygen consumption, the rate was determined over an approximate 10 minute period.

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

3,5-dichlorophenol

Key result

Duration:

3 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 1 000 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

inhibition of total respiration

Key result

Duration:

3 h

Dose descriptor:

NOEC

Effect conc.:

10 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

inhibition of total respiration

Results with reference substance (positive control):

The EC50 value for the reference item satisfied the validation criterion.

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The effect of the test imaterial on the respiration of activated sewage sludge micro organisms resulted in a 3-hour EC50 value of greater than 1000 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) following the 3 Hour exposure was less than 10 mg/L.

Executive summary:

This study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 209, under GLP conditions, to assess the effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. Activated sewage sludge was exposed to an aqueous dispersion of the test item at nominal concentrations of 10,100 and 1000 mg/L (three replicates of the 1000 mg/L test concentration) for a period of 3 hours at measured temperatures of between 19 °C and 21 °C with the addition of a synthetic sewage as a respiratory substrate. A reference item, 3,5‑dichlorophenol, and control group were incubated concurrently and the rates of respiration were determined following the exposure period.

          

The 3‑hour EC50 value for the reference item, 3-5-dichlorophenol, was determined to be 7.6 mg/L, with 95% confidence limits of 5.9 to 9.8 mg/L.

 

The effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3‑Hour EC50value of greater than 1000 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) following the 3‑Hour exposure was less than 10 mg/L.

Description of key information

This study was conducted according to OECD Guideline 209, under GLP conditions, to assess the effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge. The effect of the test material on the respiration of activated sewage sludge gave a 3‑Hour EC50 value of greater than 1000 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration (NOEC) following the 3‑Hour exposure was less than 10 mg/L (Envigo, 2018).

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for microorganisms:

1 000 mg/L