3-chloroperbenzoic acid

Short-term toxicity to fish

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to fish

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

key study

Study period:

25 May 2018 - 28 August 2018

Reliability:

1 (reliable without restriction)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 203 (Fish, Acute Toxicity Test)

Deviations:

no

GLP compliance:

yes

Specific details on test material used for the study:

Identification: 3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid
Batch: A0378021
Purity/Composition: 98.8% of 3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (72%) balanced with 3-chlorobenzoic acid (8.8%) and water (18%)
Test item storage: in refrigerator (2-8 degrees Celsius)
Stable under storage conditions: yes, until 31 October 2019, retest date
Test item handling: No specific handling conditions required
CAS Number: 937-14-4
Molecular formula: C7H5ClO3
Molecular weight: 172.57
Irritant or corrosive: Yes
Highly reactive to water: Not indicated
Highly reactive to oxygen: No indicated
Volatile: Not indicated
Solubility in water: Sparingly soluble
Stability in water: Not indicated

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Details on sampling:

- Concentrations: Samples of 1.8 mL for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations with surviving fish and the control at 0 hours and 96 hours. In addition, samples were taken from 56% of the WAF (water accommodated fraction) after 24 hours of exposure.
- Sampling method: not described
- Sample storage conditions before analysis: Stored in freezer ≤-15 degrees Celsius until analysis at the anlaytical laboratory of the test facility.

Vehicle:

no

Remarks:

Test medium without test item or other additives

Details on test solutions:

The batch of 3- Chloroperoxybenzoic Acid tested consisted of 72% 3- chloroperoxybenzoic acid balanced with 8.8% 3- chlorobenzoic acid and 18% water. This test item was not completely soluble in test medium at the loading rates initially prepared. No correction was made for the purity/composition of the test item. Preparation of the test solutions started with loading rates individually prepared at corresponding concentrations (for example, 1.0 mg/L). A 3-day period of magnetic stirring was applied to ensure maximum dissolution of the test item in medium. The WAFs (water accommodated fractions) were collected by filtration through a 0.45 um membrane filter and used as test concentrations. All test solutions were clear and colorless at the end of the preparation procedure.

Test organisms (species):

Cyprinus carpio

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Carp
- Strain: Teleostei, Cyprinidae Linnaeus, 1758
- Source: Zodiac, proefacc, "De Haar Vissen", Wageningen Univeristy and Research Centre, The Netherlands
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): F1 (age not reported)
- Length at study initiation (length definition, mean, range and SD): final test 3.2 ± 0.2 cm
- Weight at study initiation (mean and range, SD): 0.44 ± 0.13 g
- Method of breeding: single parent-pair bred in UV-treated water
- Maintenance of the brood fish: Not reported

ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: at least 12 days after delivery
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using RO-water (tap-water purified by reverse osmosis; GEON Waterbehandeling, Berkel-Enschot, The Netherlands) with the following composition:
CaCL2 2H2O 211.5 mg/L; MgSO4 7H2) 88.8 mg/L; Na HCO3 46.7 mg/L; KCl 4.2 mg/L
- Type and amount of food during acclimation: Pelleted fish food (Essence (300-500 um), Coppens International by, Helmond, The Netherlands)
- Feeding frequency during acclimation: Daily
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): mortality was <5% during the 7 days prior to start of test

FEEDING DURING TEST
- Food type: none
- Amount: non
- Frequency: no feeding from 24 hours prior to test and during total test period

Test type:

static

Water media type:

other: Adjusted ISO medium

Limit test:

yes

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

Within 20 mins after prepartaion of the test media from a holding tank with comparable water quality parameters and pH and temperature differences between test and holding tank media of less than 1.0 unit and 1.0°C

Post exposure observation period:

none

Hardness:

180 mg CaCO3/L

Test temperature:

22°C

pH:

7.7±0.3

Dissolved oxygen:

Needs to be at least 60% of the air saturation value to meet acceptability of the test

Salinity:

not applicable

Conductivity:

not reported

Nominal and measured concentrations:

10, 18, 32, 56, 100% of a WAF prepared at 1.0 mg/L (nominal); 0.11, 0.20, 0.34, 0.60, 1.1 mg/L (measured)

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 10.2 L, all-glass
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 9 L
- Aeration: none
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): static
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): static
- No. of organisms per vessel: 7
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 7
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 7
- Biomass loading rate: 0.34 g fish/L

TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: Adjusted ISO medium, formulated using reverse-osmosis water with CaCL2, MgSO4, NaHCO3, KCl
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: Dissolved oxygen content, pH, temperature measured daily in all vessels with surviving fish, beginning at start of test (day 0)

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: yes
- Photoperiod: 16 hours photoperiod daily
- Light intensity: not reported

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : mortality observed at 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 hours following start of exposure. Every afternoon from day 0 the fish were observed for any dead or severely distressed.

TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 10
- Justification for using less concentrations than requested by guideline: not applicable
- Range finding study : 3 fish per concentration exposed to MCBPA %WAF at 100 mg/L in 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L; then the second study exposed 3 fish to %WAF at 1.0 mg/L. Mortality and clinical effects were observed.
- Test concentrations: Study 1 used 1.0, 10, 100 mg/L and had measured concentrations of 1.5, 9.7, 83 mg/L. Study 2 used test item in 10% of WAF at 1.0 mg/L and the initial concentration was 0.097 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes; based on the results of both range-finding tests, the expected LC50 was between 0.097 and 1.5 mg/L

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

Key result

Duration:

96 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Effect conc.:

0.45 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

meas. (initial)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality (fish)

Remarks on result:

other: 95% CI 0.34 and 0.60 mg/L

Remarks:

was already reached after 24 h exposure

Details on results:

All fish exposed to 0.60 mg/L and higher died within 24h of expsoure. No mortality or clinical effects were observed at any of the lower concentrations and the control during the 96-h test period.

Results with reference substance (positive control):

- Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Mortality: 0% at nominal concentration 0.10 mg/L, 100% at nominal concentration 0.22 mg/L, 100% at nominal concentration 0.46 mg/L
- LC50: The 96h-LC50 for carp exposed to PCP was 0.15 mg/L (95% CI 0.10-0.22 mg/L). The effect was already reached within 24h of exposure

Sublethal observations / clinical signs:

Table 3. Incidence of mortality and total mortality during the final test

		Cumulative mortality
3 -Chloroperoxybenzoic acid initial concentration (mg/L)	Initial number of fish	2h	24h	48h	72h	96h	Total mortality (%)
Control	7	0	0	0	0	0	0
0.11	7	0	0	0	0	0	0
0.20	7	0	0	0	0	0	0
0.34	7	0	0	0	0	0	0
0.60	7	0	7	7	7	7	100
1.1	7	0	7	7	7	7	100

Table 4. Determination of effect concentrations

Parameter	3 -Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mg/L)	95% confidence interval (mg/L)
24h-LC50	0.45	0.34 -0.60
48h-LC50	0.45	0.34 -0.60
72h-LC50	0.45	0.34 -0.60
96h-LC50	0.45	0.34 -0.60

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

The 96h-LC50 was 0.45 mg/L based on initially measured and stable concentrations (95% confidence interval between 0.34 and 0.60 mg/L) and was already reached after 24 hours of exposure

Executive summary:

This 96 -hour acute toxicity study in carp with 3 -chloroperoxybenzoic acid was based on OECD guideline 203 (1992). A final test was performed based on the results of two preceding range-finding tests. A Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was prepared at a loading rate of 1.0 mg/L and used as the highest concentration. Lower concentrations were prepared by diluting the highest concentration in test medium.

Initial measured concentrations used were 0.11, 0.20, 0.34, 0.60 and 1.1 mg/L at 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100% of the WAF at 1.0 mg/L, respectively and remained stable.

All fish exposed to 0.60 mg/L and higher died within 24 hours of exposure. No mortality or clinical effects were observed at any of the lower concentrations and the control during the 96 hour test period.

The 96 -hour LC50 was 0.45 mg/L based on initially measured and stable concentrations (95% CI 0.34 -0.60 mg/L) and was already reached after 24 hours of exposure.

Description of key information

A single 96 -hour acute toxicity study in carp with 3 -chloroperoxybenzoic acid was based on OECD guideline 203 (1992). A final test was performed based on the results of two preceding range-finding tests. A Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was prepared at a loading rate of 1.0 mg/L and used as the highest concentration. Lower concentrations were prepared by diluting the highest concentration in test medium.

Initial measured concentrations used were 0.11, 0.20, 0.34, 0.60 and 1.1 mg/L at 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100% of the WAF at 1.0 mg/L, respectively and remained stable.

All fish exposed to 0.60 mg/L and higher died within 24 hours of exposure. No mortality or clinical effects were observed at any of the lower concentrations and the control during the 96 hour test period.

The 96 -hour LC50 was 0.45 mg/L based on initially measured and stable concentrations (95% CI 0.34 -0.60 mg/L) and was already reached after 24 hours of exposure.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water fish

Fresh water fish

Effect concentration:

0.45 mg/L