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EC number: 212-773-3 | CAS number: 868-18-8
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Justification for type of information:
- Please refer to the analogue justification provided in IUCLID section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: Ref. 6.1.5-2
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: Source: Ref. 6.1.5-2
- Endpoint:
- toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 28 April - 21 May 2015
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- (2006, Annex 5 corrected 28 July 2011)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.3 (Algal Inhibition test)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8692 (Water Quality - Fresh Water Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Scenedesmus subspicatus and Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Deviations:
- no
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Guidance document on aquatic toxicity testing of difficult substances and mixtures, OECD series on testing and assessment number 23, December 14, 2000
- Deviations:
- no
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- Samples of 4.8 mL for possible analysis were taken from all test concentrations and the control at t=0 h and t=72 h and stored in a freezer until analysis.
At the end of the exposure period, the replicates with algae were pooled at each concentration before sampling.
On the day of analysis, the test samples were defrosted at room temperature. The samples were diluted in a 25:1 (v:v) ratio with HNO3 and analysed. If necessary, the samples were further diluted with 4% HNO3 in M2-medium to obtain concentrations within the calibration range. - Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- Preparation of test solutions started with the highest test concentration of 100 mg/L. Half an hour of magnetic stirring resulted in a clear and colourless solution that was used as highest test group and used to prepare the lower test groups by subsequent dilution in test medium. All final test solutions were clear and colourless.
After preparation, volumes of 50 mL were added to each replicate of the respective test concentration. Subsequently, 1 mL of an algal suspension was added to each replicate providing a cell density of 10^4 cells/mL. - Test organisms (species):
- Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (previous names: Raphidocelis subcapitata, Selenastrum capricornutum)
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Strain: NIVA CHL 1
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): In-house laboratory culture.
- Age of inoculum (at test initiation):
- Method of cultivation: Algae stock cultures were started by inoculating growth medium with algal cells from a pure culture on agar. The suspensions were continuously aerated and exposed to light in a climate room at a temperature of 21-24°C. 3 days before the start of the test, cells from the algal stock culture were inoculated in culture medium at a cell density of 1 x 10^4 cells/mL. The pre-culture was maintained under the same conditions as used in the test. The cell density was measured immediately before use.
ACCLIMATION
- Culturing media and conditions (same as test or not): Pre-culture medium is same as test (M2) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 72 h
- Post exposure observation period:
- None
- Hardness:
- 24 mg CaCO3/L
- Test temperature:
- 21-23 ºC
- pH:
- 8.2-8.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Not measured
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal concentrations: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L
Analyses of the samples taken during the final test showed that measured concentrations were stable and in agreement with nominal during the 72-hour test period (94-108% relative to nominal). - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL, all-glass, containing 50 mL of test solution
- Aeration: no
- Initial cells density: 1x 10^4 cells/mL
- Control end cells density: 139x 10^4 cells/mL
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes (M2)
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Sterile test conditions: no
- Adjustment of pH: no
- Photoperiod: continuously
- Light intensity and quality: TLD-lamps with a light intensity within the range of 78 to 81 µE.m-2.s-1.
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED :
- Algal density at t = 0 , 24, 48 and 72h. At the beginning of the test, cells were counted using a microscope and a counting chamber. Thereafter cell densities were determined by spectrophotometric measurement of samples at 720 nm using a spectrophotometer with immersion probe (pathlength =20 mm). Algal medium was used as blank.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- combined limit/range-finding test: nominal concentrations 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L (analytically confirmed, except for 0.1 mg/L which was not analysed).
- Definitive test: nominal concentrations: 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L (analytically confirmed) - Reference substance (positive control):
- yes
- Remarks:
- potassium dichromate
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The nominal concentrations were analytically confirmed (recovery > 80%)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC10
- Effect conc.:
- > 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The nominal concentrations were analytically confirmed (recovery > 80%)
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 100 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- growth rate
- Remarks on result:
- other: The nominal concentrations were analytically confirmed (recovery > 80%)
- Details on results:
- Growth rates were in the range of the controls at the concentrations of 1.0 to 10 mg/L during the 72-hour test period, whereas the growth rate of algae exposed to 32 and 100 mg/L were slightly reduced.
Statistically significant inhibition of growth rate was found at concentrations of 32 mg/L and higher. It should however be considered that the effects of 3.1 and 6.6% can be considered as not biologically relevant as they were below 10%. Therefore, the NOEC was determined to be 100 mg/L.
Microscopic observations at the end of the test revealed a normal and healthy appearance of the exposed cells when compared to the control.
Acceptability of the test:
- In the controls, cell density increased by an average factor of >16 during the 72h testing period (i.e. 139).
- The mean coefficient of variation for section-by-section specific growth rates in the control cultures did not exceed 35% (i.e. 13%).
- The coefficient of variation of average specific growth rates during the whole test period in replicate control cultures did not exceed 7% (i.e. 2.2%). - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- The EC50 for growth rate inhibition (72h-ERC50) was 1.3 mg/L with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.1 to 1.5 mg/L. The historical ranges for growth rate inhibition lie between 0.82 and 2.3 mg/L. Hence, the 72h-ERC50 for the algal culture tested corresponds with this range.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Remarks:
- see field "any other information on results incl. tables"
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the present study with Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, 72h-ErC50 was >100 mg/L, the 72h-ErC10 was >100 mg/L and the NOErC was 100 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A 72-h algae growth inhibition test was performed with strontium tartrate according to OECD 201 and in compliance with GLP principles. Nominal concentrations of 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L were tested. Analyses of the samples taken during the final test showed that measured concentrations were stable and in agreement with nominal during the 72-hour test period (94-108% relative to nominal).
Growth rates were in the range of the controls at the concentrations of 1.0 to 10 mg/L during the 72-hour test period, whereas the growth rate of algae exposed to 32 and 100 mg/L were slightly reduced.
Statistically significant inhibition of growth rate was found at concentrations of 32 mg/L and higher. It should however be considered that the effects of 3.1 and 6.6% can be considered as not biologically relevant as they were below 10%. Therefore, the NOEC was determined to be 100 mg/L.
The 72h-ErC50 was >100 mg/L and the 72h-ErC10 was >100 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Table 1 Percentage inhibition of growth rate (total test period) during the final test
Strontium tartrate (anhydrous) concentration (mg/l) |
Mean |
Std. Dev. |
n |
%Inhibition |
Control |
1.643 |
0.0365 |
6 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
1.647 |
0.0355 |
3 |
-0.3 |
3.2 |
1.638 |
0.0326 |
3 |
0.3 |
10 |
1.674 |
0.0280 |
3 |
-1.9 |
32 |
1.591 |
0.0376 |
3 |
3.1*# |
100 |
1.533 |
0.0067 |
3 |
6.6*# |
* - effect was statistically significant
#- effect not biologically relevant
Table 2 Percentage inhibition of growth rate at different time intervals during the final test
Test substance1concentration (mg/l) |
n |
0 – 24 h |
24 – 48 h |
48 – 72h |
|||
Mean |
%Inhibition |
Mean |
%Inhibition |
Mean |
%Inhibition |
||
Control |
6 |
1.865 |
0.0 |
1.616 |
0.0 |
1.447 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
3 |
1.746 |
6.4 |
1.743 |
-7.9 |
1.452 |
-0.4 |
3.2 |
3 |
1.830 |
1.9 |
1.608 |
0.4 |
1.475 |
-1.9 |
10 |
3 |
2.026 |
-8.6 |
1.491 |
7.7 |
1.504 |
-4.0 |
32 |
3 |
1.788 |
4.1 |
1.547 |
4.3 |
1.438 |
0.6 |
100 |
3 |
1.802 |
3.4 |
1.444 |
10.6 |
1.354 |
6.4 |
1.Strontium tartrate (anhydrous)
Validity criteria:
1. The biomass in the control cultures increased by a factor of 139,
2. The coefficient of variation of the mean specific growth rate replicates in the control between 0 and 72 h was: 2.2%,
3. The mean of the replicate coefficients of variation for section-by-section growth rate in the control was: 13.5%.
Description of key information
ErC50 (72 h) > 100 mg/L and ErC10 (72 h) > 100 mg/L (nominal, OECD 201) based on read across from strontium tartrate (CAS 868-19-9)
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Additional information
The toxicity of disodium tartrate towards algae was assessed using appropriate and reliable read across data from the analogues substance strontium tartrate (CAS 868-19-9). Details on the read across justification are provided in section 13 of the IUCLID dossier.
The study was conducted according to the OECD guidance 201 and GLP standards (reference: 6.1.5 -1). In a static system the test organism Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata was exposed for 72 h to nominal test item concentrations of 0 (control), 1.0, 3.2, 10, 32 and 100 mg/L. The test item concentrations in the medium were analytically monitored at the beginning and at the end of the test. The recovery of the test substance during the test was between 94 and 108% of the nominal values. Therefore the results were expressed in terms of nominal values. The study resulted in an ErC50 and an ErC10 (72 h) of >100 mg/L. Strontium tartrate is very soluble in water and tends to dissociate to its salts. The results of the study consequently indicate that at tested concentrations no hazard is expected from the tartrate di-anion or from the strontium metal. Additional information retrieved from Bringmann & Kühns publication (1959) show that strontium is not toxic to aquatic algae, which is in line with the available experimental results.
Based on the results of the read across substance, no toxic effects are expected by disodium tartrate to algae.
Reference:
Bringmann G. & Kühn R. 1959. Vergleichende wasser-toxikologische Untersuchungen an Bakterien, Algen und Kleinkrebse.Gesundheits-Ingenieur. 4: 115-120
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