2-furoic acid

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

guideline study

Justification for type of information:

Experimental test result performed using standard OECD test guideline

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

The test solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg of test chemical in 100ml of ADaM’s media. Achieving test concentrations of 1 g/L, respectively. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 6.25 mg/l, 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively.

Test organisms (species):

Daphnia magna

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Feeding during test: no

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

48 h

Hardness:

155.5 mg of CaCO3

Test temperature:

20±2°C

pH:

7.1

Nominal and measured concentrations:

Nominal concentrations: 0, 6.25 mg/l, 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively.

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass beaker
- Aeration: No aeration during experiment
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: 25 ml of glass beaker filled with 20 ml media having headspace of 5 ml
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10 daphnids

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod:16 hours light and 8 hours dark
- Light intensity: 1000 – 1500 Lux

Reference substance (positive control):

not specified

Key result

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

EC50

Effect conc.:

> 100 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mobility

Observations:

Table: Immobility

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of Daphnids	Immobility
		0 h	24 h	48 h
Control	10	-	-	-
6.25	10	-	-	-
12.5	10	-	-	-
25	10	-	-	-
50	10	-	-	-
100	10	-	-	-

 

Table: pH and oxygen content

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of Daphnids	pH (mg/l)
		0 h	48 h
Control	10	7.5	7.7
6.25	10	7.6	7.8
12.5	10	7.6	7.8
25	10	7.7	7.9
50	10	7.7	7.9
100	10	7.7	7.9

 

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of Daphnids	DO (mg/l)
		0 h	48 h
Control	10	7.0	6.8
6.25	10	7.0	6.7
12.5	10	7.0	6.7
25	10	7.0	6.7
50	10	7.0	6.6
100	10	7.0	6.6

 

Table: Test temperature

Nominal Concentration (mg/l)	Number of Daphnids	Temparature
		0 h	48 h
Control	10	21.2	21.5
6.25	10	21.2	21.5
12.5	10	21.2	21.5
25	10	21.2	21.5
50	10	21.2	21.5
100	10	21.2	21.5

 

 

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Remarks:

1. In the control, including the control containing the solubilising agent, not more that 10 percent of the daphnids have been immobilized. 2. The dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test should be 3 mg/l in control and test vessels

Conclusions:

Based on nominal concentrations, experimental median effective concentrations [EC50 (48 h)] for test chemical on Daphnia magna was determined to be > 100 mg/L.

Executive summary:

An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Daphnia magna. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202“Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg of test chemical in 100ml of ADaM’s media. Achieving test concentrations of 1 g/L, respectively. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 6.25 mg/l, 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using 10 daphnids in a static system. Total 10 Daphnids/conc. were exposed to test chemical in 25 ml beakers in a volume of 20 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 20±2°C, hardness of water 155.5 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions with light intensity 1000 – 1500 Lux, respectively. One control vessel was also run simultaneously during the study. The animals in control and test chemical concentrations were exposed for a period of 48 hour. No Immobility were found in the control test animals and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in the control and test vessel was ≥ 3 mg/l. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism, the median effect concentration (EC50 (48 h)) value was determined to be >100 mg/L. Thus, based on the EC50 value, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

An acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Daphnia magna (Study report). The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202“Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg of test chemical in 100ml of ADaM’s media. Achieving test concentrations of 1 g/L, respectively. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 6.25 mg/l, 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using 10 daphnids in a static system. Total 10 Daphnids/conc. were exposed to test chemical in 25 ml beakers in a volume of 20 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 20±2°C, hardness of water 155.5 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions with light intensity 1000 – 1500 Lux, respectively. One control vessel was also run simultaneously during the study. The animals in control and test chemical concentrations were exposed for a period of 48 hour. No Immobility were found in the control test animals and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in the control and test vessel was ≥ 3 mg/l. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism, the median effect concentration (EC50 (48 h)) value was determined to be >100 mg/L. Thus, based on the EC50 value, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

Fresh water invertebrates

Fresh water invertebrates

Effect concentration:

100 mg/L

Additional information

Experimental study of the test chemical and various supporting weight of evidence studies for its read across chemical were reviewed for short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate end point which are summarized as below:

 

In an experimental study from study report, an acute immobilisation test was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Daphnia magna. The test was performed in accordance to OECD guideline No. 202“Daphnia sp.,Acute Immobilization Test”. The test solution was prepared by dissolving 100mg of test chemical in 100ml of ADaM’s media. Achieving test concentrations of 1 g/L, respectively. Test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 6.25 mg/l, 12.5 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l and 100 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using 10 daphnids in a static system. Total 10 Daphnids/conc. were exposed to test chemical in 25 ml beakers in a volume of 20 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 20±2°C, hardness of water 155.5 mg of CaCO3 and under a photoperiod of 16:8 hr light: dark conditions with light intensity 1000 – 1500 Lux, respectively. One control vessel was also run simultaneously during the study. The animals in control and test chemical concentrations were exposed for a period of 48 hour. No Immobility were found in the control test animals and the dissolved oxygen concentration at the end of the test in the control and test vessel was ≥ 3 mg/l. On the basis of effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism, the median effect concentration (EC50 (48 h)) value was determined to be >100 mg/L. Thus, based on the EC50 value, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be 'not classified' as per CLP classification criteria.

 

In a supporting weight of evidence study, short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate study was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical (authoritative database, 2018). The study was performed under static conditions using Daphnia magna (Water flea) as a test organism. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on mobility of the test organism Daphnia magna, the 48 hr median effect concentration (EC50) value was determined to be 27 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental relevant concentrations. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic and hence, considered to ‘not classified’ as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

Another short term toxicity to aquatic invertebrate study was conducted for 48 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical. The study was performed following the principles of the OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test) under static conditions using Daphnia magna (Water flea) as a test organism. On the basis of the effect of chemical on mobility of the test organism Daphnia magna, the 48 median effect concentration (EC50) value was determined to be 110 mg/l. Thus, test chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates at environmental relevant concentrations and hence, considered to be ‘not classified’ as per the CLP classification criteria.

 

On the basis of the above results, it can be concluded that the test chemical was considered to be toxic to aquatic invertebrates. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic invertebrates and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.