Registration Dossier
Registration Dossier
Data platform availability banner - registered substances factsheets
Please be aware that this old REACH registration data factsheet is no longer maintained; it remains frozen as of 19th May 2023.
The new ECHA CHEM database has been released by ECHA, and it now contains all REACH registration data. There are more details on the transition of ECHA's published data to ECHA CHEM here.
Diss Factsheets
Use of this information is subject to copyright laws and may require the permission of the owner of the information, as described in the ECHA Legal Notice.
EC number: 234-846-9 | CAS number: 12036-35-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Additional toxicological data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- additional toxicological information
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: study performed according to OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, follows a standard operating procedure (Eurometaux (2016), available as an unpublished report, reliable without restrictions
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: SOP prepared by Eurometaux (2016); Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Bioelution Testing of Metals, Inorganic Metal Compounds, and Metal-Containing Complex Materials: Simulated Gastric Fluid (Eurometaux Brussels, July 2016).
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Bio-elution refers to the in vitro extraction methods used to measure the degree to which a substance (e.g., metal or mineral ion) is dissolved in artificial biological fluids. Simulated biological fluids represent relevant exposure routes. The resulting value is the “bio-accessibility”, and is defined as the “fraction of a substance that is soluble under physiological conditions and therefore potentially available for absorption into systemic circulation”.
The objective of this study was to obtain knowledge about the bio-elution characteristics of the test item in simulated gastric fluid.
This study has been conducted according to the recommended Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Bioelution Testing of Metals, Inorganic Metal Compounds, and Metal-Containing Complex Materials: Simulated Gastric Fluid (Eurometaux, July 2016) which is based on ASTM D5517-07: Standard Test method for determining the extractability of metals from art materials - ASTM, 2007 (American Society for Testing and Materials). The extent of dissolution of the test item was tested in a simulated gastric fluid at 37 °C and pH 1.5 for 2 hours (0.2 g/L loading) at an agitation speed of 100 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 1 hour followed by 1 hour of settling (without shaking). The bio-elution endpoints were based on the dissolved rhodium (Rh) concentrations obtained after 2 hours of extraction. - GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Dirhodium trioxide
- EC Number:
- 234-846-9
- EC Name:
- Dirhodium trioxide
- Cas Number:
- 12036-35-0
- Molecular formula:
- Rh2O3
- IUPAC Name:
- Rhodium(III)oxide
- Details on test material:
- Dirhodium trisoxide
Constituent 1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- purity: 81.1 % Rh content corresponding to 99.91% Rh2O3
d10 4µm, d50 17 µm, d90 62 µm
SSA (N-BET) 0.25 m2/g
d=8.2 g/m³
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
The temperature of the test solutions at the sampling point was between 36.9 °C and 37.0 °C, which was in line with the test conditions of 37 °C ± 1 °C.
The measured pH of the test medium at the start of the test was 1.50, i.e. within the specifications of pH 1.5 ± 0.1. The pH measured in the additional test item vessel at the start of the test was 1.50 i.e. within the specifications of pH 1.5 ± 0.1. At the 2 hours sampling point of the test, the pH in the blank control vessels and the test vessels was between 1.49 and 1.50.
The data of the dissolved rhodium concentrations in the test samples, are presented belw:
Dirhodium trioxide, 0.2 g/L (=0.05 m²/L surface loading), 2h gastric, pH 1.5 | ||
Rhodium | x(avg) +/- s(between) | CV |
dissolution | <0.5 µg/L | - |
absolute Rh release | <2.5 µg/g | - |
% of total available Rh eluted | <0.00031% | |
Rh release/surface | <0.01 mg/m² |
The blank control vessels during the test showed no concentrations above the reporting limit of rhodium (i.e. 0.5 μg/L Rh).
The following observations could be made in the test vessels with a loading of 0.2 g/L dirhodium trioxide:
Remaining test item could be observed on the filter and in the Erlenmeyer flasks at the end of the experiment. The test solution remained colourless.
An average dissolved rhodium concentration below the reporting limit of 0.5 μg/L Rh (or <2.5 μg/g test item) was measured after 2 hours of exposure to the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5).
Based on the specific surface area of Dirhodium trioxide (0.25 m²/g test item) a rhodium release per surface of <0.010 mg/m² was calculated.
Based on the rhodium content of the test item (i.e. 81.1 %) and the average dissolved rhodium concentration, a rhodium release of <0.00031 % could be calculated at the 2 hours endpoint.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- During this study on Dirhodium trioxide at a loading of 0.2 g/L in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5), it was shown that for rhodium an average value of <0.5 μg/L Rh (i.e. reporting limit; N = 3) was found after 2 hours of extraction, corresponding with a rhodium release of <0.00031 % (or <0.010 mg/m²).
- Executive summary:
A study to estimate bioelution characteristics has been conducted according to the recommended Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Bioelution Testing of Metals, Inorganic Metal Compounds, and Metal-Containing Complex Materials: Simulated Gastric Fluid (Eurometaux, July 2016) which is based on ASTM D5517-07: Standard Test method for determining the extractability of metals from art materials - ASTM, 2007 (American Society for Testing and Materials). Bio-elution refers to the in vitro extraction methods used to measure the degree to which a substance (e.g., metal or mineral ion) is dissolved in artificial biological fluids. Simulated biological fluids represent relevant exposure routes. The resulting value is the “bio-accessibility”, and is defined as the “fraction of a substance that is soluble under physiological conditions and therefore potentially available for absorption into systemic circulation”.
The extent of dissolution of dirhodium trioxide was tested in a simulated gastric fluid at 37 °C and pH 1.5 for 2 hours (0.2 g/L loading) at an agitation speed of 100 revolutions per minute (rpm) for 1 hour followed by 1 hour of settling (without shaking). The bio-elution endpoints were based on the dissolved rhodium (Rh) concentrations obtained after 2 hours of extraction.
In the blank corrected test item vessels with a loading of 0.2 g/L Dirhodium trioxide, the following average dissolved rhodium concentration of <0.5 μg/L Rh (i.e. the validated reporting limit), was measured after 2 hours of exposure to the simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.5).
Based on the specific surface area of Dirhodium trioxide (i.e. 0.25 m²/g), this corresponds with a rhodium release per surface of <0.010 mg/m².
Based on the rhodium content (i.e. 81.1 %) in the test item and the average dissolved rhodium concentrations in the test solutions, a rhodium release of <0.00031 % could be calculated at the 2 hours endpoint.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
Reproduction or further distribution of this information may be subject to copyright protection. Use of the information without obtaining the permission from the owner(s) of the respective information might violate the rights of the owner.