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EC number: 202-859-9 | CAS number: 100-51-6
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Basic toxicokinetics
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- basic toxicokinetics in vivo
- Type of information:
- calculation (if not (Q)SAR)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Justification for type of information:
- Published data in readily available literature. Clayton GD & Clayton FE (eds.) are commonly accepted as trustworthy and useful reference
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
- Author:
- Clayton GD & Clayton FE (eds.)
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Eds. Clayton & Clayton, Wiley New York, 3rd ed., Vol 2C, 4636-4703
Materials and methods
- Objective of study:
- metabolism
- toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Methods:in vivo. Reviewed summary for toxicokinetics and metabolism
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Benzyl alcohol
- EC Number:
- 202-859-9
- EC Name:
- Benzyl alcohol
- Cas Number:
- 100-51-6
- Molecular formula:
- C7H8O
- IUPAC Name:
- phenylmethanol
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
- Radiolabelling:
- not specified
Test animals
- Details on species / strain selection:
- Reviewed summary for toxicokinetics and metabolism
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
TK data in animals (Cited from Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 1982):
Pharmacokinetics. The plasma half-life of benyl alcohol administered as a 2.5 percent solution in saline was found to be approximately 1.5 hr in dogs injected intravenously at doses of 52 and 105 mg/kg (456).
Metabolism/Excretion. Benzyl alcohol is oxidized by ADH. Winer (331) reports the activity of ADH on benzyl alcohol to be slighthly less than on ethanol. Von Wartburg (230) reports benzyl alcohol to be approximately one-half as active as ethanol in reaction with ADH and to have affinity to ADH roughly equal to that of isopropyl and butyl alcohols. The animal organism readily oxidizes benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid, which, after conjugating with glycine is rapidly eliminated as hippuric acid in the urine. Rabbits given 1 g of benzyl alcohol subcutaneously eliminated 300 to 400 mg of hippuric acid within the following 24 hr (463). Within 6 hr after the oral administration of 0.40 g benzyl alcohol/kg of body weight, rabbits eliminated 65.7 percent of the dose as hippuric acid in the urine (464). Chief metabolic products are benzoic and hippuric acids. Metabolites identified in the urine of rabbits given an oral dose of 0.25 g/kg benzyl alcohol are given in the following tabulation: (465)
Metabolite |
Percent of Dose |
Range (No. of Experiments) |
1. Mercapturic acid |
2 |
0 -4 (326) |
2. Glycine conjugate |
74 |
71 -76 (111) |
3. Copper reducing material (as glucuronic acid) |
8 |
4 -15 (111) |
4. Glucosiduronic acid |
14 |
6 - 23 (111) |
5. Ethereal sulfate |
0 |
0 (452) |
6. Ether-soluble acid |
84 |
80 -90 (111) |
TK data in humans
Metabolism/Excretion. Humans readily oxidize benzyl alcohol to benzoic acid, which, after conjugation with glycine, is rapidly eliminated as hippuric acid in the urine. Within 6 hr after taking 1.5 g of benzyl alcohol orally, human subjects eliminated 75 to 85 percent of the dose in the urine as hippuric acid (467).
456: E.T Kimura, T.D. Darby, R.A. Krause, and H.D. Brondyk, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 18(1), 60 (1971).
331: A.D. Winer, Acta Chem. Scand. 12, 1695 (1958), Cited by R. Derache, Int. Encycl. Pharmacol. Ther., 20, 507 (1970).
230: J. Von Wartburg, "The Metabolism of Alcohol in Normals and Alcoholics: Enzymes", Chapter 2 in B. Kissin, Eds., The Biology of Alcoholism, Vol. 1, Plenum, New York, 1971, pp. 63-91.
463: J.A. Stekol, J. Biol. Chem., 128, 199 (1939).
464: S.L Diack and H.B. Lewis,)J. Biol. Chem., 77, 89 (1928).
465: H.G. Bray, S.P. James, and W.V. Thorpe, Biochem. J., 70, 570 (1958).
467: I. Snapper, A. Grunbaum, and S. Sturkop, Biochem. Z., 155, 163 (1925)
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- From the available data it is concluded that it is unlikely that Benzyl alcohol causes genetic effects or has an effect on male or female fertility and has no bioaccumulation potential.
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