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EC number: 439-590-3 | CAS number: 12158-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Substance taken as reference was nano-sized rendering the results very conservative.
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 008
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Toxicity of nanosized and bulk ZnO, CuO and TiO2 to bacteria Vibrio fischeri and crustaceans Daphnia magna and Thamnocephalus platyurus
- Author:
- Heinlaan, M., Ivask,A., Blinova, I., Dubourguier H.C. and Kahru, A.
- Year:
- 2 008
- Bibliographic source:
- Chemosphere 71, 1308-1316 (2008)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standard operational procedure of Thamnotoxkit FTM (1995)
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-269-1
- EC Name:
- Copper oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1317-38-0
- Molecular formula:
- CuO
- IUPAC Name:
- copper (II) oxide
- Reference substance name:
- CuO
- IUPAC Name:
- CuO
- Details on test material:
- Formula: CuO
Nanosized CuO with particle size around 30 nm compared with bulk CuO
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Sampling and analysis
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- CuO nanosized was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and bulk CuO from Alfa Aesar. The stock suspensions in Mill-Q (40 g/L) were sonicated for 30 minutes and stored in the dark at 4°C.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic crustacea: Thamnocephalus platyurus
- Details on test organisms:
- Test plates with fairy shrimp were incubated for 24h at 25°C in the dark. Tests were performed in triplicate.
Study design
- Test type:
- not specified
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 24 h
Test conditions
- pH:
- 7.3 - 7.8
Results and discussion
Effect concentrationsopen allclose all
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 400 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (nanosized CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 1.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (nanosized CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC20
- Effect conc.:
- 1.32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (nanosized CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 20 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (bulk CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 75.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (bulk CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- other: LC20
- Effect conc.:
- 49.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- estimated
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper (bulk CuO)
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- Free ionic copper is considered the active ingredient in inorganic copper salts, and is believed to be repsonsible for adverse effects. The bioavailablity of the copper ion at target sites determines the severity of effects. Both copper oxide and and copper hydroxide nitrate are considered sparingly soluble inorganic copper salts and would be expected to dissociate similarly within the organism. As test material is in nano form, results are considered to be very conservative.
LC50 values for nano CuO were about 50-fold lower than for its bulk form to D. magna and T. platyurus. The NOEC values (both crustacean
assays) for nano CuO were 50–100-fold lower than for bulk CuO. When response to nano and bulk CuO was expressed as a function of bioavailable Cu (calculated), the toxicity of both nano and bulk CuO was almost identical to that of free Cu2+ (CuSO4) for T. platyurus but not for D. magna.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the NOEL for nano-sized Copper oxide, using a fairy shrimp, was 400 µg Cu/L and was taken as reference. Based on a content of 53% Copper in Basic Copper Nitrate, the invertebrates NOEL for this substance is estimated to be 755 µg/L.
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