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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 439-590-3 | CAS number: 12158-75-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Long-term toxicity to fish
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- fish, juvenile growth test
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
Data source
Referenceopen allclose all
- Reference Type:
- secondary source
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 006
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Effects of different ligands on the bioaccumulation and subsequen depuration of dietary Cu and Zn in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Author:
- Kjoss, V.A., Wood C.M. and Mc Donald, D.G.
- Year:
- 2 006
- Bibliographic source:
- Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences , Vol. 63, 412-422 (2006)
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to control food or to food supplemented with different Cu (~400 µg·g–1 food) compounds. Tissue metal accumulation was compared among groups.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Copper oxide
- EC Number:
- 215-269-1
- EC Name:
- Copper oxide
- Cas Number:
- 1317-38-0
- Molecular formula:
- CuO
- IUPAC Name:
- copper (II) oxide
- Reference substance name:
- CuO
- IUPAC Name:
- CuO
- Details on test material:
- CAS number: 1317-38-0
Formula: CuO
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test solutions
- Details on test solutions:
- Copper oxide was obtained from Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA. Diet was processed as follows: 110 mL of deionized water with predissolved metal complex were added to 250 g of starter feed and mixed thoroughly with pasta maker. Food was then extruded in small pellets, dried at 60°C and allowed to cool to room temperature prior to being crushed into fine powder by hands.
Test organisms
- Test organisms (species):
- Oncorhynchus mykiss (previous name: Salmo gairdneri)
- Details on test organisms:
- Juvenile rainbow trout (mean weight around 200 mg) were obtained from a local trout farm.
Study design
- Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- yes
- Total exposure duration:
- 15 d
- Post exposure observation period:
- 15 days
Test conditions
- Hardness:
- 140 mg/L as CaCO3
- Test temperature:
- 12.5°C
- Salinity:
- Alkalinity = 95 mg/L as CaCO3
Results and discussion
Effect concentrations
- Duration:
- 15 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 292 800 µg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (not specified)
- Conc. based on:
- element
- Remarks:
- Copper
- Basis for effect:
- other: residue
- Details on results:
- Free ionic copper is considered the active ingredient in inorganic copper salts, and is believed to be repsonsible for adverse effects. The bioavailablity of the copper ion at target sites determines the severity of effects. Both copper oxide and and copper hydroxide nitrate are considered sparingly soluble inorganic copper salts and would be expected to dissociate similarly within the organism.
Fish fed CuO showed no differences in tissue Cu concentrations relative to control fish, suggesting that Cu was not readily available for uptake in this form. In contrast, Cu in the form of CuSO4, Cu-proteinate, or Cu-lysine was much more available for uptake, resulting in substantial increases in liver, gut tissue, and whole-body Cu concentrations during the loading phase and decreases during depuration, although liver and whole-body levels remained elevated after 2 weeks. No differences in tissue Cu accumulation among these three complexes were found. There were no effects on growth.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- Under the conditions of the test, the NOEL for Copper oxide, using a rainbow trout, was 292 800 µg Cu/L. Based on a content of 53% Copper in Basic Copper Nitrate, the fish NOEL for this substance is estimated to be 552 mg/L.
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