Cinnamyl alcohol

Endpoint summary

Description of key information

Biodegradation in water

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item (Experimental study report., 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used as a test inoculum for the study.The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 75.3%.  Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 46.38% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.35 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.62 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 51.52%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.

 

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Biodegradation in water: stimulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water:-

Primary biodegradation in surface water from a Danish stream was determined by compound specified analysis and was performed following the modified OECD Guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test). The (pseudo-)first order (= half-life) (DT50) of the test chemical was evaluated to be 8.529 and 14.835 days at 12°C in month of august and july respectively. Primary percentage degradation of the test chemical was determined to be >99% and > 85 in august and july month within 28 days. Hence, test chemical was considered to be not persistent in surface water.

Biodegradation in water and sediment simulation test:-

 

Estimated half life of test chemical in sediment estimated to be 135 days (3240 h)

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 71.3% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

Additional information

Biodegradation in water

28-days Closed Bottle test following the OECD guideline 301 D to determine the ready biodegradability of the test item (Experimental study report., 2018). The study was performed at a temperature of 20°C. The test system included control, test item and reference item. Polyseed were used as a test inoculum for the study.The concentration of test and reference item (Sodium Benzoate) chosen for both the study was 4 mg/L, while that of inoculum was 32 ml/l. OECD mineral medium was used for the study. ThOD (Theoretical oxygen demand) of test and reference item was determined by calculation. % degradation was calculated using the values of BOD and ThOD for test item and reference item. The % degradation of procedure control (reference item) was also calculated using BOD & ThOD and was determined to be 75.3%.  Degradation of Sodium Benzoate exceeds 46.38% on 7 days & 61.44% on 14th day. The activity of the inoculum was thus verified and the test can be considered as valid. The BOD28 value of test chemical was observed to be 1.35 mgO2/mg. ThOD was calculated as 2.62 mgO2/mg. Accordingly, the % degradation of the test item after 28 days of incubation at 20 ± 1°C according to Closed Bottle test was determined to be 51.52%. Based on the results, the test item, under the test conditions, was considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.

 

Biodegradation in water and sediment

Biodegradation in water: stimulation testing on ultimate degradation in surface water:-

Primary biodegradation in surface water from a Danish stream was determined by compound specified analysis. The study was performed following the modified OECD Guideline 309 (Aerobic Mineralisation in Surface Water - Simulation Biodegradation Test) under aerobic conditions. Natural water (stream of good ecological quality and without known point sources close to sampling point) sampled from Gudenåen (DK) 17th of august 2020 and 15 of june 2020, WGS84: 56°6'23.2"N 9°43'17.4"E at a dept of 5 -20 cm below surface was used as a surface water. The water was quite clear with a slight light brown hint. Total suspended solids, total dissolved solids

was 4.3 mg/L and 2.2 mg/l, 150 mg/L and 210 mg/l in month of august and june respectively. No pre-treatment was done of the natural water. Water kept at 20 ± 1.5°C during transport to lab (4 hours), then stored at 12°C until test setup within 30 hours of sampling. The temperature and pH at the time of collection of the sample was 24.0°C, 7.4 (aug) and 6.5(june). Biomass i.e., plate count at 24 and 72 hr was 270 CFU/ml and 2100 CFU/ml in august and 36 CFU/ml and 1300 CFU/ml in june, respectively. Water was not filtered. Dissolved non-volatile organic carbon (NVOC) was measured instead of DOC/TOC and was 5.7 mg/L (aug) and 4.4 (june). Study was performed using 20 mL amber headspace closed vials. A large no. of biotic test systems (15 -18 replicates) consisting of 13.5 ml surface water and 0.5 ml stock solution and 1 ml spiking mixture. Stock solution was prepared in water by equilibrium partioning from a pre-loaded silicone rod (passive dosing). A similar number of abiotic control test systems were prepared using 14.5 ml MilliQ water and 0.5 ml stock solution. Blanks were prepared with 15 ml MilliQ water. Aerobic conditions created by using aerobic natural water (initial oxygen content 7.4 mg/L at 20 °C)  and incubating using a headspace of 5 mL with a low test substance concentration of 7.4 mg/l. Test was conducted at a temperature of 12°C and pH of 7.4 under continuous darkness with conductivity of 334 µS/cm while rolling. pH of the test medium (natural water) was not adjusted. No aeration was provided during the study. Suspended solid concentrations used in the study was 4.3 mg/l. At 5 -6 time-points, 3 biotic and 3 abiotic test systems were sacrificed for analysis (day 1, 5, 8, 13, 20,  24 and 28). Tests systems were put directly on the autosampler of the GCMS without storage. Blank test systems were prepared and incubated with biotic and abiotic test systems and analyzed at each time-point (signal well below the 3% dilution of initial test concentration). Analysis was carried out using direct immersion solid phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS. Carryover was < 1.0% and since test systems were analyzed alternating biotic and abiotic test systems this constitutes the detection limit in this test. Biodegradation was then evaluated by the ratio between peak areas in the biotic and abiotic test systems. Triplicate ratios of biotic/abiotic test system peak areas were calculated for each time point and used in Graph-pad Prism 8.4.3 to fit the first order degradation model with lag phase. The (pseudo-)first order (= half-life) (DT50) of the test chemical was evaluated to be 8.529 and 14.835 days at 12°C in month of august and june respectively. Primary percentage degradation of the test chemical was determined to be >99% and > 85 in august and june month within 28 days. Hence, test chemical was considered to be not persistent in surface water.

Biodegradation in water and sediment simulation test:-

Estimation Programs Interface prediction model was run to predict the half-life in sediment for the test chemical. The half-life period of test chemical in sediment is estimated to be 135 days (3240 hrs). However, as the percentage release of test chemical into the sediment is less than 1% (i.e, reported as 0.134%), indicates that test chemical is not persistent in sediment.

 

 

Biodegradation in soil

The half-life period of test chemical in soil was estimated using Level III Fugacity Model by EPI Suite version 4.1 estimation database (2018). If released into the environment, 71.3% of the chemical will partition into soil according to the Mackay fugacity model level III. The half-life period of test chemical in soil is estimated to be 30 days (720 hrs). Based on this half-life value of test chemical, it is concluded that the chemical is not persistent in the soil environment and the exposure risk to soil dwelling animals is moderate to low.

 

On the basis of available information, the test chemical can be considered to be inherently biodegradable in nature.