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EC number: 610-288-5 | CAS number: 462-20-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 10.10.2000 - 12.10.2000
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.2 (Acute Toxicity for Daphnia)
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- The test samples were diluted in methanol prior to analysis.
Standard solutions of test material and Lipoic Acid were prepared in methanol:water (50:50 v/v) at a nominal concentration of 25 mg/L. - Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Species. Daphnia magna
- Source: in-house laboratory culture
- Age at study initiation: adult
- Feeding during test: fed daily
- Food type: suspension of algae (Chlorella sp.) - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Remarks on exposure duration:
- Immobility (including mortality) was measured at 24 hours and at 48 hours.
- Post exposure observation period:
- not applicable
- Hardness:
- 250 mg/l expressed as CaCO3 and the pH: 7.8 ± 0.2.
- Test temperature:
- temperature controlled room at 21 °C
- pH:
- 6.4 - 7.8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 8.1 - 8. 4 mg O2/L
- Salinity:
- not applicable
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Range-Finding study: 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 mg/L
Definitfive study: 1.0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L - Details on test conditions:
- see under "any other information on materials and methods incl. tables"
- Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 16 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 14 -19
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: 4.3 - 5.8
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 5.6 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: based upon zero immobilisation at this concentration
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- other: based upon zero immobilisation at this endpoint
- Results with reference substance (positive control):
- no data
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The acute toxicity of Dihydrolipoic Acid to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been investigated and gave a 48-Hour EC50 value of 5.0 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits od 4.3 - 5.8 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration at 48 hours was 1.8 mg/L.
- Executive summary:
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of Dihydrolipoic Acid to Daphnia magna. The method followed that described in OECD 202 and EU-Method C.2.
Folowing a preliminary range-finding study, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test material at concentrations of 1.0, 1.8,3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for 48 hours under static test conditions. The numbers of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
The 48-Hour EC50 for Dihydrolipoic Acid to Daphnia magna based on nominal test concentrations was 5.0 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits of 4.3 - 5.8 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 1.8 mg/L
Reference
1 Range-finding Study
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test material during the range-finding study are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Cumulative Immobilisation Data in the Range-finding Study
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia (Initial Population: 10 Per Replicate) |
|
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0.10 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
0 |
6 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
2 Definitive Study
Cumulative immobilisation data from the exposure of Daphnia magna to the test material durign the definitive study are given in Table 2.
Table 2: Cumulative Immobilisation Data in the Definitive Study
Nominal Concentration (mg/L) |
Cumulative Immobilised Daphnia (Initial Population: 10 Per Replicate) |
|||||||
24 Hours |
48 Hours |
|||||||
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
R1 |
R2 |
Total |
% |
|
Control |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1.8 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3.2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
2 |
10 |
5.6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
5 |
12 |
60 |
10 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
10 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
18 |
6 |
7 |
12 |
65 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
32 |
10 |
9 |
19 |
95 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
56 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
10 |
10 |
20 |
100 |
3 Verification of test concentrations
During perliminary recovery and stability analyses Dihydrolipoic Acid was shown to rapidly oxidise to Lipoic Acid. Therefore, it was considered apporpriate to determine levels of both Dihydrolipoic Acid and Lipoic Acid in the test samples during the definitive study. Pre-study chemical analyses also showed that it was possible to stabilise both Dihydrolipoic Acid and Lipoic Acid by the addition of methanol to the test samples. Therefore, during the definitive study all samples were immediately stabilised with metahnol directly after preparation.
The results from analysis of the freshly prepared test media at 0 hours showed measured values of Dihydrolipoic and Lipoic Acid combined to range from 87 % to 101 % of the nominal test concentrations. The measured concentrations of Dihydrolipoic Acid ranged from less than the limit of quantitation at the lower nominal concentrations to 95.7 mg/L in the 100 mg/L nominal test concentration. Measured concentrations of Lipoic Acid ranged from less than the limit of quantitation to 12.7 mg/L.
The results from the analysis of the freshly prepared test media showed that the test system had been correctly dosed but that rapid oxidation had occured converting Dihydrolipoic Acid to Lipoic Acid. This process was shown to be more rapid at the lower test concentrations employed in the study, with no Dihydrolipoic Acid beeing detected with nominal concentrations of 1.0, 1.8 and 3.2 mg/L. The percentage conversion of Dihydrolipoic Acid to Lipoic Acid was shown to decrease with increasing nominal concentrations and at the highest nominal concentration of 100 mg/L no Lipoic Acid was detected.
Analysis of the old or expired test media sampled at 48 hours showed that further oxidation had occured over the study duration with measured values of Lipoic Acid ranging from 1.01 mg/L to 71.0 mg/L. Dihydrolipoic Acid was detected in the highest test concentration only (5.40 mg/L). The measured values of Dihydrolipoic Acid and Lipoic Acid combined ranged from 55 % to 101 % of nominal test concentrations, with losses occurring at the higher test concentrations of 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L. The decline in the overall measured concentrations was consiedered to be due to eighter an undetermined secondary chemical degradation route or possible biologocal degradation of the Dihydrolipoic Acid within the complex biological test system. Pre-study stability work showed that the Lipoic Acid was stable once formed.
During the study a mixture of Dihydrolipoic Acid and Lipoic Acid were present in variable amounts in the test system. Therefore, given that toxicity cannot be attributed to one or both of thecomponents but to the mixture as a whole the results are based on nominal test concentrations only.
Description of key information
The acute toxicity of Dihydrolipoic Acid to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna has been investigated and gave a 48 -Hour EC50 value of 5.0 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits od 4.3 - 5.8 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration at 48 hours was 1.8 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 5 mg/L
Additional information
A study was performed to assess the acute toxicity of Dihydrolipoic Acid to Daphnia magna. The method followed that described in OECD 202 and EU-Method C.2.
Folowing a preliminary range-finding study, twenty daphnids (2 replicates of 10 animals) were exposed to an aqueous solution of the test material at concentrations of 1.0, 1.8,3.2, 5.6, 10, 18, 32, 56 and 100 mg/L for 48 hours under static test conditions. The numbers of immobilised Daphnia were recorded after 24 and 48 hours.
The 48-Hour EC50 for Dihydrolipoic Acid to Daphnia magna based on nominal test concentrations was 5.0 mg/L with 95 % confidence limits of 4.3 - 5.8 mg/L. The No Observed Effect Concentration was 1.8 mg/L
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