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EC number: 228-846-8 | CAS number: 6362-80-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- Start of study: 1 April 2005. End of study: 27 June 2005
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: Study performed according to GLP and guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: Standards for Testing Facilities Conducting Tests on New Chemical Substances, etc. (Yakushokuhatsu No. 1121003, Heisei 15.11.17 Seikyoku No. 3, Kanpokihatsu No. 031121004, 2003)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- 0.75 mL was collected from each test group and mixed with equivalent amount of acetonitrile and then used for HPLC analysis
0.75 mL of standard solution prepared with acetonitrile was collected in a vial for measurement, mixed with an equal volume of purified water (JIS K0557 A4 grade water) and analyzed by HPLC - Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION
Test substance stock solution I was prepared as shown, and test solutions were prepared by diluting and mixing with the dilution water. Dilution water only for the control group and water containing only the solvent (concentration: 100 μL/L) for the solvent control group were prepared. 100 mL of the prepared test solution was put into each of 4 test vessels for each test group. Stock solution I was prepared at the start of exposure and stored refrigerated and protected from light (stable for 48 hours or more under these conditions).
(1) Preparation of test substance stock solution I
Amount collected: 120 mg
Solvent: N,N-dimethylformamide
Final volume: 100 mL
Vessel: Measuring bottle
Concentration: 1200 mg/L
Mixing system: Ultrasonication, 2 min, tightly stoppered
(2) Preparation of test substance stock solution II
Amount of stock solution I collected: 200 μL
Solvent: Dilution water
(Elendt M4 solution sufficiently aerated at 20±1°C)
Final volume: 2000 mL
Vessel: Media bottle
Concentration: 0.120 mg/L
Solvent concentration: 100 μL/L
Mixing system Stirrer, 10 min, tightly stoppered
(3) Preparation of solvent stock solution
Reagent: N,N-dimethylformamide
Amount collected: 1000 μL
Solvent: Dilution water
(Elendt M4 solution sufficiently aerated at 20±1°C)
Final volume: 100 mL
Vessel: Measuring bottle
Reagent concentration: 10000 μL/L
Mixing system Manual inversion (readily soluble)
The stock solutions of (2) and (3) were collected according to the following table and diluted with dilution water to prepare test solutions.
Dilution water (final volume): 0.50 L
Vessel: Measuring flask
Mixing system: Manual inversion, tightly stoppered
Concentration ratio: 1.41
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Water flea
- Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies
- Age at study initiation: Female juveniles (age 24 hours or less)
- Feeding during test: Not fed
ACCLIMATION
- Type and amount of food: Chlorella vulgaris (single cell green algae)
- Feeding frequency: 0.2 mg C (organic carbon content) / animal / day
- Health during acclimation (any mortality observed): Parental mortality in 2 weeks before start of exposure: <5% - Test type:
- semi-static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Test temperature:
- Refer to table 6
- pH:
- Refer to table 8
- Dissolved oxygen:
- Refer to table 7
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Refer to table 1
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 100 mL glass beakers (The test vessels were lidded and the water surface was covered with a Teflon sheet to prevent vaporization of the test solution and volatilization of the test substance.)
- Renewal rate of test solution: Total exchange of test solution after 24 hours
- No. of organisms per vessel: 5
- No. of vessels per concentration : 4
- No. of vessels per control: 4
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
The medium (Elendt M4) described in the OECD chemical testing guideline No.202 Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test (2004) was used. Its composition is shown in Attachment 2. Theoretical hardness is 250 mg/L (CaCO3 conversion). It was confirmed that hardness (250 mg/L or less, CaCO3 conversion) and pH (6.0-9.0) were within the appropriate range at the start of exposure
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: Test solution pH was not regulated
- Photoperiod: 16 hours light/8 hours dark
- Light intensity: Room lighting (800 lux or less)
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable): Immobility at 24 and 48 h. Animals unable to swim within 15 seconds after gently agitating the test vessel were considered to be immobilized.
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: Test concentrations were set with solubility of the test substance in the dilution water of 0.12 mg/L or less (in-house measurement).
- Preliminary study
- Test concentrations: 0.0120, 0.0380, 0.120 mg/L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: Yes - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Duration:
- 24 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.091 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits 0.082 - 0.106 mg/L
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 0.057 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (TWA)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% confidence limits 0.052 - 0.063 mg/L
- Details on results:
- Test substance concentrations in test solutions
Results of analysis of test substance concentration in test solutions are shown in Table 1.
In the results of analysis, the ratio of the measured value to the nominal value was 82-93% at the time of test solution preparation and 62-74% 24 hours later. In a preliminary test, decrease in concentration was more remarkable in test solution containing the organism than in test solution not containing the organism. Therefore, the main reason for the decrease in test substance concentration was considered to be migration to the organism
Median Effective Concentration (EC50) for Immobility
The immobility rate at each time and the concentration-immobility curve are shown in Table 2 and Fig 1 respectively.
The immobility rate during the exposure period was 0% in both the control group and solvent control group. There were no Daphnia floating on the surface in either the control group or solvent control group, and the conditions for the validity of the test were met.
From the results, the median effective concentration (EC50) for immobility is shown in Table 3 and below,
24-hour EC50: 0.091 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.082-0.106 mg/L)
48-hour EC50: 0.057 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.052-0.063 mg/L)
Highest Concentration causing 0% Immobility and Lowest Concentration causing 100% Immobility:
The highest concentration causing 0% immobility and lowest Concentration causing 100% Immobility are shown in Table 4 and below.
24-hour highest concentration causing 0% immobility: 0.046 mg/L
48-hour highest concentration causing 0% immobility: 0.031 mg/L
24-hour lowest concentration causing 100% immobility: >0.096 mg/L
48-hour lowest concentration causing 100% immobility: 0.096 mg/L
Appearance, Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen Concentration and pH of Test Solutions:
Appearance of test solutions is shown in Table 5, temperature in Table 6, dissolved oxygen concentration in Table 7 and pH in Table 8. The water temperature was 20±1°C and the dissolved oxygen concentration was 60% or more of the saturated dissolved oxygen concentration (saturated dissolved oxygen concentration 20.0°C: 8.8 mg/L) in all test groups, all of which fulfilled the test standards. pH was within the appropriate range (6.0-9.0) of environment for Daphnia. - Conclusions:
- The 48 h EC50 for Daphnia magna was 0.057 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.052 - 0.063 mg/L).
Reference
Table 1: Measured concentration of the test substance in test water
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Measured concentration mg/L (percent of nominal) |
Meanameasured concentration (mg/L) (Percent of Nominal, %) |
|||
0 hour (new) |
24 hours (old) |
24 hours (new) |
48 hours (old) |
||
Control |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
-- |
Solvent Control |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
<0.003 |
-- |
0.0300 |
0.0028 (93) |
0.019 (63) |
0.027 (90) |
0.020 (67) |
0.023 (77) |
0.0420 |
0.036 (86) |
0.026 (62) |
0.035 (83) |
0.029 (69) |
0.031 (74) |
0.0600 |
0.052 (87) |
0.041 (68) |
0.050 (83) |
0.043 (72) |
0.046 (77) |
0.0850 |
0.070 (82) |
0.057 (67) |
0.070 (82) |
0.060 (71) |
0.064 (75) |
0.120 |
0.108 (90) |
0.084 (70) |
0.106 (88) |
0.089 (74) |
0.096 (80) |
a: Time weighted mean
New: freshly prepared test solutions
Old: test solutions on 24 hours after preparation of new solutions
Table 2: The number of immobilized Daphnia magna (Percent immobility)
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Meanameasured concentration (mg/L) |
Cumulative mortality (percent mortality) |
|
|
|
|
24 hours |
48 hours |
|
Control |
--- |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
|
Solvent control |
--- |
0( 0) |
0( 0) |
|
0.0300 |
0.023 |
0( 0) |
0( 0) |
|
0.0420 |
0.031 |
0( 0) |
0( 0) |
|
0.0600 |
0.046 |
0( 0) |
4( 20) |
|
0.0850 |
0.064 |
1 (5) |
13 (65) |
|
0.120 |
0.096 |
12 (60) |
20 (100) |
a: Time weighted mean
Table 3: Calculated EC50 values
Exposure period (hours) |
EC50 (mg/L) |
95 percent confidence limits (mg/L) |
Statistical method |
24 |
0.091 |
0.082 – 0.106 |
Probit*1 |
48 |
0.057 |
0.052 – 0.063 |
Probit*1 |
*1: Using the concentrations of 0.023 – 0.096 mg/L
Table 4: Highest concentration in 0% immobility and lowest concentration in 100% immobility
Exposure period (hours) |
Highest concentration in 0% immobility (mg/L) |
Lowest concentration in 100% immobility (mg/L) |
24 |
0.046 |
>0.096 |
48 |
0.031 |
0.096 |
Table 5: Appearance of test solutions
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Mean measured concentration (mg/L) |
Appearance of test solutions |
|||
0 hours |
24 hours |
48 hours |
|||
new |
old |
new |
old |
||
Control |
--- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
Solvent control |
--- |
C |
C- |
C- |
C- |
0.0300 |
0.023 |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
0.0420 |
0.031 |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
0.0600 |
0.046 |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
0.0850 |
0.064 |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
0.120 |
0.096 |
C- |
C- |
C- |
C- |
New: freshly prepared test solutions
Old: test solutions on 24 hours after preparation of new solutions
Colour: C-; Colourless Table 6: Temperature of test solutions
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Meanameasured concentration (mg/L) |
Temperature (°C) |
|||
0 hour new |
24 hours old |
24 hours new |
48 hours old |
||
|
|
new |
old |
new |
old |
Control |
--- |
20.0 |
19.8 |
19.9 |
20.0 |
Solvent control |
--- |
20.1 |
19.9 |
19.9 |
20.0 |
0.0300 |
0.023 |
20.3 |
19.9 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
0.0420 |
0.031 |
20.3 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
20.0 |
0.0600 |
0.046 |
20.3 |
20.0 |
20.1 |
20.1 |
0.0850 |
0.064 |
20.3 |
20.0 |
20.1 |
20.1 |
0.120 |
0.096 |
20.3 |
20.0 |
20.1 |
20.0 |
a: time weighted mean
New: freshly prepared test solutions
Old: test solutions on 24 hours after preparation of new solutions
Table 7: Dissolved oxygen concentrations in test solutions
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Meanameasured concentration (mg/L) |
Dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) |
|||
0 hour new |
24 hours old |
24 hours new |
48 hours old |
||
|
|
new |
old |
new |
old |
Control |
--- |
8.8 |
8.7 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
Solvent control |
--- |
8.7 |
8.6 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
0.0300 |
0.023 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
8.8 |
8.7 |
0.0420 |
0.031 |
8.6 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
0.0600 |
0.046 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
8.8 |
8.8 |
0.0850 |
0.064 |
8.6 |
8.6 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
0.120 |
0.096 |
8.7 |
8.7 |
8.8 |
8.7 |
a: time weighted mean
New: freshly prepared test solutions
Old: test solutions on 24 hours after preparation of new solutions
Table 8: pH values of test solutions
Nominal concentration (mg/L) |
Meanameasured concentration (mg/L) |
pH |
|||
0 hour new |
24 hours old |
24 hours new |
48 hours old |
||
|
|
new |
old |
new |
old |
Control |
--- |
8.2 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
Solvent control |
--- |
8.3 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
0.0300 |
0.023 |
8.4 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
0.0420 |
0.031 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
0.0600 |
0.046 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.3 |
8.3 |
0.0850 |
0.064 |
8.3 |
8.2 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
0.120 |
0.096 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
8.4 |
a: time weighted mean
New: freshly prepared test solutions
Old: test solutions on 24 hours after preparation of new solutions
Description of key information
The 48 h EC50 for Daphnia magna was 0.057 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.052 - 0.063 mg/L).
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Effect concentration:
- 0.057 mg/L
Additional information
Introduction
This study was conducted in accordance with Method for Testing of New Chemical Substances, etc. <Algae Growth Inhibition Test, Daphnia Immobilization Test and Fish Acute Toxicity Test> (Yakushokuhatsu No. 1121002, Heisei 15.11.13 Seikyoku No. 2, Kanpokihatsu No. 031121002, 2003).
Method
1) Exposure method: Semi-static (total exchange of test solution after 24 hours)
2) Exposure period: 48 hours
3) Test concentrations (nominal values): Control group, solvent control group, 0.0300, 0.0420, 0.0600, 0.0850, 0.120 mg/L (0.120 mg/L was the maximum preparable concentration of test solution)
Common ratio: 1.4
Solvent concentration: N,N-dimethylformamide 100 μL/L
4) Test solution volume: 100 mL/vessel
5) Replicates: 4 vessels/test group
6) Number of test organisms: 20/test group (5/vessel)
7) Test temperature: 20±1°C
8) Lighting: Room lighting, 16 hours light (800 lux or less) / 8 hours dark
9) Analysis: High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Results
1) Test substance concentration in test solution
In the results of analysis of test substance concentration in test solutions, the ratio of the measured value to the nominal value was 82 -93% at the time of test solution preparation and 62-74% 24 hours later.
In a preliminary test, decrease in concentration was more remarkable in test solution containing the organism than in test solution not containing the organism. Therefore, the main reason for the decrease in test substance concentration was considered to be migration to the organism.
2) Results of 24-hour exposure
Median effective concentration (EC50) for immobility: 0.091
mg/L
(95% confidence interval: 0.082-0.106 mg/L)
Highest concentration causing 0% immobility: 0.046 mg/L
Lowest concentration causing 0% immobility: >0.096 mg/L
3) Results of 48-hour exposure
Median effective concentration (EC50) for immobility: 0.057 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.052-0.063 mg/L)
Highest concentration causing 0% immobility: 0.031 mg/L
Lowest concentration causing 0% immobility: 0.096 mg/L
Conclusion
The acute toxicity of the test item to Daphnia magna was assessed according to the Method for Testing of New Chemical Substances, etc. <Algae Growth Inhibition Test, Daphnia Immobilization Test and Fish Acute Toxicity Test> (Yakushokuhatsu No. 1121002, Heisei 15.11.13 Seikyoku No. 2, Kanpokihatsu No. 031121002, 2003). The 48 h EC50 for Daphnia magna was 0.057 mg/L (95% confidence interval: 0.052 - 0.063 mg/L).
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