Phenethyl salicylate

Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Link to relevant study record(s)

Reference

Endpoint:

toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

weight of evidence

Reliability:

2 (reliable with restrictions)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

data from handbook or collection of data

Remarks:

experimental data of read across substances

Justification for type of information:

Data for the target chemical is summarized based on the structurally similar read across chemicals

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Reason / purpose for cross-reference:

read-across source

Qualifier:

according to guideline

Guideline:

OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test)

Principles of method if other than guideline:

WoE report is based on three toxicity to aquatic algae studies as-
WoE 2, WoE 3 and WoE 4.

GLP compliance:

no

Analytical monitoring:

no

Vehicle:

no

Details on test solutions:

WoE 2: The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared in OECD growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture.
WoE 3: The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture.
WoE 4: The stock solution 100.0 g/l was prepared in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture.

Test organisms (species):

Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus)

Details on test organisms:

TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: Green algae
- Strain: 86.81 SAG
- Source (laboratory, culture collection): Institute of botany of the ASCR
- Initial biomass concentration: 5x10(3) cells /ml

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Limit test:

no

Total exposure duration:

72 h

Remarks on exposure duration:

72 ± 1 hours

Test temperature:

23±2°C

pH:

WoE 2:
the sample at concentration 66 mg/l: pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 7.6 during the test
control : pH = 8.1 changed to pH = 7.8 during the test

WoE 3:
pH value: without adjustment,
the sample at concentration 25 mg/l: pH = 8.2 changed to pH = 7.9 during the test
control : pH = 8.3 changed to pH = 7.9 during the test
control + acetone: pH = 8.2 changed to pH = 7.9 during the test

WoE 4:
pH value: without adjustment,
the sample at concentration 80 mg/l: pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 7.8 during the test
control : pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 8.5 during the test
control + acetone: pH = 8.0 changed to pH = 8.2 during the test

Nominal and measured concentrations:

WoE 2: Nominal concentrations: 0, 10,16, 26, 41, 66 mg/l, respectively
WoE 3: Nominal concentration: 0, 0, 5.0, 7.5, 11, 16.5 and 25 mg/l, respectively.
WoE 4: Nominal concentrations: 0, 0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 and 80 mg/l, respectively

Details on test conditions:

TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: 50 ml Glass vessel
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed (with air permeable stopper)
- Sample volume:15 ml
- Initial cells density: 5000 cells/ml
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 3

GROWTH MEDIUM
- Standard medium used: yes

OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: No
- Photoperiod: Continuous
- Light intensity and quality: 6000-8000 lx

EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
- Determination of cell concentrations: microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter.
- Other: ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Reference substance (positive control):

yes

Remarks:

Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)

Key result

Duration:

72 h

Dose descriptor:

other: ErC50

Effect conc.:

> 13.4 - < 47.4 mg/L

Nominal / measured:

nominal

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

growth rate

Results with reference substance (positive control):

WoE 2:
- Results with reference substance valid
- ErC50: 0.77 mg/L (24 hours)

WoE 3:
- Results with reference substance valid
- ErC50: 0.69 mg/L (24 hours)

WoE 4:
- Results with reference substance valid
- EC50: 0.75 mg/L (24 hours)

Reported statistics and error estimates:

ErC50 was calculated using non linear regression by the software Prism 4.0

Validity criteria fulfilled:

yes

Conclusions:

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical
on test organism, the 48 hr EC50/LC50 value can be expected to be in the range 13.4 to 47.4 mg/l, respectively.

Executive summary:

Data available of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

An acute test was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Desmodesmus subspicatus. The test was performed in accordance to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10(3) cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 10, 16, 26, 41 and 66 mg/l, respectively.Study was performed using Desmodesmus subspicatus as a test organism in a static fresh water system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Alongwith the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 31.2 mg/l (95 % CI 28.9 - 33.7 mg/l). Thus, based on the EC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Another acute test was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on green algae. The test was performed in accordance with the OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG was used for the study and obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10e3cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 0, 5.0, 7.5, 11, 16.5 and 25 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using Desmodesmus subspicatus as a test organism in a static system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Along with the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 13.4 mg/l (95 % CI 12.5 - 14.4 mg/l). Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae study was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Desmodesmus subspicatus. The test was performed in accordance to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10e3 cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 g/l was prepared in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 and 80 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed under static system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Along with the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 47.4 mg/l (95 % CI 39.7 - 56.7 mg/l). Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and thus can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, the 48 hr EC50/LC50 value can be expected to be in the range 13.4 to 47.4 mg/l, respectively.

Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Description of key information

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, the 48 hr EC50/LC50 value can be expected to be in the range 13.4 to 47.4 mg/l, respectively.

Key value for chemical safety assessment

EC50 for freshwater algae:

13.4 mg/L

Additional information

Data available of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemicals has been reviewed to determine the effect of the test chemical on aquatic invertebrates. The studies are as mentioned below:

An acute test was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Desmodesmus subspicatus. The test was performed in accordance to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10(3) cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in growth medium. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 10, 16, 26, 41 and 66 mg/l, respectively.Study was performed using Desmodesmus subspicatus as a test organism in a static fresh water system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Alongwith the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 31.2 mg/l (95 % CI 28.9 - 33.7 mg/l). Thus, based on the EC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Another acute test was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on green algae. The test was performed in accordance with the OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG was used for the study and obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10e3cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 mg/l was prepared by dissolving colourless liquid in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical conc. used for the study were 0, 0, 5.0, 7.5, 11, 16.5 and 25 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed using Desmodesmus subspicatus as a test organism in a static system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Along with the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 13.4 mg/l (95 % CI 12.5 - 14.4 mg/l). Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical was considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

Toxicity to aquatic algae study was conducted for 72 hrs for assessing the effect of test chemical on Desmodesmus subspicatus. The test was performed in accordance to OECD Guideline 201 (Alga, Growth Inhibition Test). Desmodesmus subspicatus (previous name: Scenedesmus subspicatus) of strain 86.81 SAG obtained from Institute of botany of the ASCR with an initial biomass conc. 5x10e3 cells /ml was used as a test organism for the study. The stock solution 100.0 g/l was prepared in acetone. Test solutions of required concentrations were prepared by mixing the stock solution of the test sample with OECD growth medium and inoculum culture. Nominal test chemical concentrations used for the study were 0, 0, 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 40.0, 60.0 and 80 mg/l, respectively. Study was performed under static system. Desmodesmus subspicatus were exposed to test chemical in 50 ml glass vessel in a volume of 15 ml of liquid solution containing both the chemical and media. The beakers were placed in a room at a temperature of 23±2°C with a continuous light intensity of 6000-8000 lx, respectively. Along with the test chemical, one positive control Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was also run simultaneously. Cell counting was carried out using microscope with counting chamber Cyrus I or electronic particle counter. ErC50 was calculated using non-linear regression by the software Prism 4.0. On the basis of the effect of test chemical on the growth rate of the test organism Desmodesmus subspicatus, the 72 hr median effect concentration (ErC50) value was determined to be 47.4 mg/l (95 % CI 39.7 - 56.7 mg/l). Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and thus can be considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.

On the basis of the experimental studies of the structurally and functionally similar read across chemical and applying the weight of evidence approach and by evaluating the effect of test chemical on test organism, the 48 hr EC50/LC50 value can be expected to be in the range 13.4 to 47.4 mg/l, respectively.

Thus, based on the ErC50 value, test chemical can considered as toxic to aquatic algae. Since, the test chemical is readily biodegradable in water, chemical can be considered as non-toxic to aquatic algae and hence, considered to be not classified as per the CLP classification criteria.