2,4-dichloroaniline

Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Administrative data

Endpoint:

short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates

Type of information:

experimental study

Adequacy of study:

other information

Reliability:

3 (not reliable)

Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:

significant methodological deficiencies

Remarks:

concentrations tested not given

Data source

Reference

Title:

Acute toxicity of organic chemicals to Gammarus pulex correlates with sensitivity
of Daphnia magna across most modes of action

Author:

Roman Ashauera, Anita Hintermeister, Eva Potthoff, Beate I. Escher

Year:

2011

Bibliographic source:

Aquatic Toxicology 103 (2011) 38–45

Materials and methods

Test guideline

Qualifier:

no guideline followed

GLP compliance:

not specified

Test material

Test material information

Constituent 1

Reference substance name:

2,4-dichloroaniline

EC Number:

209-057-8

EC Name:

2,4-dichloroaniline

Cas Number:

554-00-7

Molecular formula:

C6H5Cl2N

IUPAC Name:

2,4-dichloroaniline

Details on test material:

concentration 99 %

Sampling and analysis

Analytical monitoring:

yes

Remarks:

counting of radioactivity (LSC liquid scintillation counter)

Details on sampling:

At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h 1 mL of the test solution was sampled from each beaker and chemical concentrations were quantified using liquid scintillation counting.

Test solutions

Vehicle:

yes

Remarks:

acetone

Details on test solutions:

Experiments were carried out in Pyrex® beakers, each containing 500 mL of pre-aerated artificial pond water (APW, Naylor et al., 1989).

Test organisms

Test organisms (species):

Gammarus pulex

Details on test organisms:

Adult G. pulex were collected several times during 2008/2009 from a small headwater stream in the Itziker Ried (coordinates: E 702150, N 2360850), ca. 20 km southeast of Zürich, Switzerland. After collection, the test organisms were acclimatized for a minimum of five days to the experimental conditions (13 °C, 12 h:12 h light:dark).

Study design

Test type:

static

Water media type:

freshwater

Remarks:

artificial pond water

Total exposure duration:

96 h

Test conditions

Test temperature:

13 °C

Details on test conditions:

Experiments were carried out in Pyrex® beakers, each containing 500 mL of pre-aerated artificial pond water (APW, Naylor et al., 1989). Each beaker contained ten organisms at the start of the experiment and they were fed ad libitum with a minimum of three horse-chestnut leaf discs (diameter 20 mm) inoculated with the fungi Cladosporium herbarum (Naylor et al., 1989). A geometric dilution series of seven concentrations was used in each toxicity test, with two replicate beakers per concentration (i.e. 20 organisms per concentration) and one solvent control beaker and one blank control beaker. Dosing stocks were made by dilution in acetone from a mixture of 14C-labelled and unlabelled material. After spiking the dosing solution directly into the test medium, beakers were carefully stirred, sealed with parafilm and kept at 13 °C under a 12 h:12 h light:dark regime.

Results and discussion

Effect concentrations

Duration:

48 h

Dose descriptor:

LC50

Remarks:

Gammarus Pulex

Effect conc.:

52 571 other: nmol/l

Nominal / measured:

meas. (not specified)

Conc. based on:

test mat.

Basis for effect:

mortality

Reported statistics and error estimates:

Model II least squares regressions (Deming regression) were applied, as there is random error in both variables and were fitted to log transformed data using GraphPad Prism (v. 4.03, GraphPad Software Inc., USA).

Applicant's summary and conclusion

Validity criteria fulfilled:

not specified

Conclusions:

A 48h-LC50 of 52571 nmol/L was determined for 2,4-Dichloroaniline towards G. pulex.

Executive summary:

The study was conducted with adult G. pulex for 96 hrs with 7 different concentrations and 20 organisms per concentration in artificial pondwater and acetone acting as the vehicle. The test temperature was 13°C and the light dark ratio was 12 h:12 h. The testing material was a mix of 14C labelled and unlabelled substance. At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h 1 mL of the test solution was sampled from each beaker and chemical concentrations were quantified using liquid scintillation counting further the mortality and mobility of the organisms was reported. A 48h-LC50 of 52571 nmol/L was determined for 2,4-Dichloroaniline towards G. pulex.