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EC number: 266-047-6 | CAS number: 65997-18-4 Frit is a mixture of inorganic chemical substances produced by rapidly quenching a molten, complex combination of materials, confining the chemical substances thus manufactured as nonmigratory components of glassy solid flakes or granules. This category includes all of the chemical substances specified below when they are intentionally manufactured in the production of frit. The primary members of this category are oxides of some or all of the elements listed below. Fluorides of these elements may also be included in combination with these primary substances.@Aluminum@Manganese@Antimony@Molybdenum@Arsenic@Neodymium@Barium@Nickel@Bismuth@Niobium@Boron@Phosphorus@Cadmium@Potassium@Calcium@Silicon@Cerium@Silver@Chromium@Sodium@Cobalt@Strontium@Copper@Tin@Gold@Titanium@Iron@Tungsten@Lanthanum@Vanadium@Lead@Zinc@Lithium@Zirconium@Magnesium
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
The NiO representative sample (green nickel oxide) was used to generate data for all relevant endpoints and the results are provided in the associated study records and endpoint summaries for all relevant physical and chemical properties endpoints. However, for one endpoint (water solubility), data were generated for both green nickel oxide and black nickel oxide. Data for several endpoints were waived based on appropriate justifications provided in the relevant endpoint summaries and study records. There are no classifications for physico-chemical properties.
Please note that nickelous oxide, NiO, exists as a large group that includes a continuous spectrum of compounds from a high-temperature, green variety to a low-temperature, jet-black product. Only stoichiometric NiO comes in the form of transparent green crystals. Thermal history of NiO formation, which usually involves calcination of a nickel compound such as hydroxycarbonate, hydroxide, sulfate, nitrate, oxalate, or sulfide, as well as oxidation of a pure nickel metal powder, is the main factor which determines the color, chemical reactivity, and the stoichiometric proportions of nickel and oxygen in the resulting oxide (Gmelin 1966; Van Vlack, 1980). The physicochemical properties described in the table below apply to both the low calcining temperature (black) and the high calcining temperature (green) forms of nickel oxide. Experts with specific knowledge on oxidic nickel compounds agree that the main chemical properties where differences between these forms are expected are water solubility and solubility in acids (B. Conard, PhD and W. Ghyoot, PhD, personal communication). Water solubility values are shown separately for the low calcining temperature (black) and the high calcining temperature (green) forms of nickel oxide.
Gmelin. 1966. Gmelins Hanbuch der anorganischem Chemie [Gmelins handbook of inorganic chemistry]. 8thed.,: Verlag Chemie.
Van Vlack, L. 1980. The oxides of nickel.,: International Nickel Company, Inc.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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