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EC number: 236-921-1 | CAS number: 13548-38-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vitro
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vitro gene mutation study in bacteria
- Remarks:
- Type of genotoxicity: gene mutation
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- N/A
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: well conducted, fulfill basic scientific requirements and was reported in well-known publication
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cyto toxic mutagenic and clastogenic effects of industrial chromiumcompounds.
- Author:
- Venier, A. Montaldi, F. Majone, V. Bianchi and A.G. Levis.
- Year:
- 1 982
- Bibliographic source:
- Carcinogenesis (1982) 3 (11): 1331-1338. P.
- Report date:
- 1982
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 471 (Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay)
- Deviations:
- not specified
- GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- bacterial reverse mutation assay
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- chromium nitrate
- IUPAC Name:
- chromium nitrate
- Test material form:
- not specified
- Details on test material:
- three Cr(III) references (chromium chloride, CrCI3, and two different preparations of chromium nitrate, Cr(NO3)3).
Chromium nitrate, from Merck and Riedel De Haen
chemical position: Cr(NO3)3.9H2O,
Constituent 1
Method
- Target gene:
- histidine requiring S. typhimurium
Species / strain
- Species / strain / cell type:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100
- Details on mammalian cell type (if applicable):
- N/A
- Additional strain / cell type characteristics:
- not specified
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Metabolic activation system:
- S9 mix rat liver mkrosomal fraction induced by Aroclor
- Test concentrations with justification for top dose:
- 0.027, 0.217, 6.968 and 13.937 mg/plate
- Vehicle / solvent:
- water/IN HC1
Controlsopen allclose all
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- withou s9
- Positive control substance:
- methylmethanesulfonate
- Untreated negative controls:
- yes
- Negative solvent / vehicle controls:
- yes
- True negative controls:
- not specified
- Positive controls:
- yes
- Remarks:
- with s9
- Positive control substance:
- other: Aminofluorene
- Details on test system and experimental conditions:
- Rats were injected i.p. with Aroclor (Analabs, North Haven, CT) 500 mg/kg body weight.
Cell treatments were performed with Cr compounds freshly sdubflized in water or HCL. Concentrated solutions were filtered through a 0.22 µm Millipore membrane, and diluted 50 x with growth medium. In these condi-tions neither tccridty nor dastogenkity was caused by the diluted HCL. - Evaluation criteria:
- N/A
- Statistics:
- N/A
Results and discussion
Test results
- Species / strain:
- S. typhimurium, other: TA 1535, TA 1538, TA 98 and TA 100
- Metabolic activation:
- with and without
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Cytotoxicity / choice of top concentrations:
- cytotoxicity
- Remarks:
- Contaminated Riedel chromium (III) nitrate was comparatively more cytotoxic.
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Untreated negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- not specified
- Additional information on results:
- Riedel, but not Merck, chromium (III) nitrate, and chromite were also mutagenic in stains TA 100 at highest dose of 13.937 mg/plate, which was contaminated by Cr (VI) compounds. All other Cr(III) industrial com-pounds were inactive.
Reference Cr(III) (chromium chloride and Merck chromium nitrate) were only weakly cytotoxic even at 300 µg/ml Cr(III), which was the maximum solubility in complete growth medium. Riedel chromium (III) nitrate was comparatively more cytotoxic, the contamination with Cr(VI) accounting for such an effect. - Remarks on result:
- other: all strains/cell types tested
- Remarks:
- Migrated from field 'Test system'.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Interpretation of results (migrated information):
negative with and without metabolic activation
Test substance was found negative of causing gene mutation in bacteria reverse mutation assay based on the results given in this report. - Executive summary:
The mutagenic effects of Cr compounds were determined with the S. typhimurium/microscme assay on strains TA1535, TA1538, TA98, and TA100. Water soluble and insoluble Cr compounds were tested in the plate incorporation assay, with or without the addition of the S9 mix rat liver microsomal fraction, according to the methods decribed by OECD guideline 471. Experiments were run in duplicate and were repeated at least twice for each compound. Reference Cr(III) (chromium chloride and Merck chromium nitrate) were only weakly cytotoxic even at 300 µg/ml Cr(III), which was the maximum solubility in complete growth medium. Riedel chromium (III) nitrate was comparatively more cytotoxic, the contamination with Cr(VI) accounting for such an effect. Riedel, but not Merck, chromium (III) nitrate, and chromite were also mutagenic in strains TA 100 at highest dose of 13.937 mg/plate, which was contaminated by Cr (VI) compounds. All other Cr(III) industrial compounds were inactive.
Therefore, under this conditions, chromium (III) nitrate resulted devoid of gene mutation in bacterial reverse mutation assay, but indicate that Cr (III) compounds can be contaminated by Cr(VI) and then may be found to be mutagenic.
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