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EC number: 231-659-4 | CAS number: 7681-11-0
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Endpoint summary
Administrative data
Description of key information
Additional information
The 96 hours acute toxicity test to Rainbow Trout (Laverock, M.J., M. Stephenson, and C.R. MacDonald, 1995) was conducted according to Protocol to determine the acute lethality of liquid effluents to fish, which was established by Ontario Ministry of the Environment. The results showed that the 96 hour LC50 is over 860 mg/l.
The acute toxicity to daphnia of potassium iodide was determined (Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie Parc technologique ALATA, 1996) according to method of “French standard”, which was similar to OECD test guideline 202. After 48 hours exposure period, the EC50 of immobilization was measured. The result of 48 hrs- EC50 was 7.5 mg/l.
The acute toxicity to daphnia of sodium iodide was determined (INERIS Parc Technologique ALATA, 2012) according to OECD test guideline 202 following GLP procedure to give a result of 48hrs-EC50 as 1.27 mg/L (95%CL, 1.19 -1.38 mg/L), which supports the result of KI but seems more toxic than NaI.
As the first study (Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie Parc technologique ALATA, 1996) is a standard test for potassium iodide, and fulfilled validation criteria. The 48 hrs- EC50 of 7.5 mg/l is taken as the key value.
One study of acute toxicity of iodide to algae was published in well known journal “water research” (Bringmann, G., and R. Kuhn, 1980). However, it was not a standard test and without declaration of GLP compliance, and in the test the 7 days cell multiplication inhibition test was applied to the model organism, Scenedesmus quadricauda(green algae) for iodide, which fulfilled basically scientific principles. The results showed the toxicity threshold (≥3% inhibition of the biomass of green algae) of iodide to green algae is 2370 mg/l.
One of long term toxicity test to fish (Eales, J.G., D.G. Cyr, and R.F. Cook, 1986) was performed to investigate the effects of iodide to thyroid (T3 and T4 concentration level). Because the test only focused on the effects to thyroid, but other tissues and organs were ignored, the test result is recognized as reliable with restrictions. In the test, it concluded that no Wolff-Chaikoff effect, characteristic of mammals, was observed but plasma L- thyroxine (T4) levels increased after a single iodide injection (1 mol/l).
There is no long-term toxicity test on aquatic toxicity, but testing for this endpoint is not considered to be necessary as the CSR does not indicate a risk to aquatic organisms when considering the environmental partitioning that would result from point source exposure. Iodine is a natural ubiquitously present essential trace element. It is highly mobile and cycles through all environmental compartments via a range of mechanisms including disproportionation to different oxidation states by abiotic and biotic mechanisms coupled with binding to organic matrices and biological organisms. These act to significantly mediate the aquatic toxicity when compared to laboratory conditions, which are not indicative of actual exposure should the substance be released.
This opinion is further confirmed by the use of theECOSAR™ v.1.00 programme operated by theU.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Potassium iodide is listed within the definitive database of this system, and is utilised to provide an indication of potential toxicity in the wider environment. The results of this assessment are as follows:
Organism |
Duration |
End Point |
Result (mg/l) |
Fish |
96-hr |
LC50 |
6736.780 |
Fish |
14-d |
LC50 |
6600.207 |
Daphnid |
48-hr |
LC50 |
2844.798 |
Green Algae |
96-hr |
EC50 |
577.397 |
Fish |
30-day |
CHV |
615.632 |
Daphnid |
- |
CHV |
241.908 |
Green Algae |
- |
CHV |
159.232 |
Fish (SW) |
- |
CHV |
10867.097 |
Mysid Shrimp |
96-hr |
LC50 |
27123.457 |
Fish (SW) |
- |
CHV |
318.739 |
Mysid Shrimp (SW) |
- |
CHV |
4186.333 |
Earthworm |
14-day |
LC50 |
460.463 |
It is acknowledged that the ECOSAR™ v.1.00 programme does not provide optimal results for inorganic substances; however as the substance is listed within the database, it is considered appropriate to utilise the results of the assessment in support of the statement that the substance is not toxic to environmental organisms. The results of the assessment clearly demonstrate no toxicity. As stated above, significant environmental partitioning upon any release to the environment results in potential exposure to the component ions only, which exist naturally within the environment. As such, toxicity is not predicted within the environmental compartments due to dilution and partitioning effects; such effects are not mimicked in laboratory experiments, leading to results that are not indicative of actual toxicity.
Based on above information the most sensitive species can be determined to be daphnia, and the 48 hrs - EC50: 7.5 mg/l is taken as key vale in the hazard classification and chemical safety assessment.
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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