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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 241-922-5 | CAS number: 18015-76-4
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Mode of degradation in actual use
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- mode of degradation in actual use
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Reliability:
- 4 (not assignable)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Data from an handbook; no information about testing method and procedures followed are available. Read across from a similar substance which has the same main component and with a different counter ion that does not influence the characteristics related to the specific end-point.
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- review article or handbook
- Title:
- Biodegradation of synthetic dyes - A review
- Author:
- Hazrat A.
- Year:
- 2 010
- Bibliographic source:
- Water Air Soil Pollutant (2010) 213:251 - 273
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Review of biodegradation of synthetic dyes
- Type of study / information:
- Review of biodegradation of synthetic dyes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Malachite Green
- IUPAC Name:
- Malachite Green
- Details on test material:
- Review of biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Substance reported only as Malachite Green; salt form not specified.
Constituent 1
Results and discussion
Any other information on results incl. tables
Several studies were made on decolorization and transformation of Malachite Green (MG). Mode of degradation in actual use include the utilization of various organisms: fungi, bacteria and yeast confirming that many organisms can be used to decolorate and transform Malachite Green; nevertheless studies reported on this review are focused only on transformation of the dye and not on the total degradation.
Biodegradation of synthetic dye by fungi | ||||
Dye conc. | Decolorizzation % | Incubation period | Reference | |
Acremonium kiliense | 5 mg/l | 95.4 | 72 h | Youssef et al. (2008) |
Aspergillus flavus | 50 μM | 97.43 | 6 days | Ali et al. (2009) |
Alternaria solani | 50 μM | 96.91 | 6 days | Ali et al. (2009) |
Fusarium solani | 2.5 mg/l | 96 | 2 days Irpex | Abedin (2009) |
Biodegradation of synthetic dye by bacteria | ||||
Aeromonas hydrophila | 50 mg/l | > 90 | 10 h | Ren et al. (2006) |
Citrobacter sp. | 5 μM | 100 | 1 h | An et al. (2002) |
Kocuria rosea | 50 mg/l | 100 | 5 h | Parshetti et al. (2006) |
Biodegradation of synthetic dyes by yeasts | ||||
Galactomyces geotrichum | 50 mg/l | 97 | 9 h | Jadhav et al. (2008) |
Trichosporon beigelii | 50 mg/l | 90 | 24 h | Saratale et al. (2009b) |
Effect of initial dye concentration on microbial decolorization of synthetic dye | ||||
Acremonium kiliense | 5 mg/l 10 mg/l |
95.4 35.48 |
72h NM |
Youssef et al. (2008) |
Kocuria rosea | 10 mg/l 30 mg/l 50 mg/l 70 mg/ 100 mg/l |
100 100 100 13 6 |
2 h 3 h 5 h NM NM |
Parshetti et al. (2006) |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Many organisms can be used to decolorate and transform Malachite Green.
- Executive summary:
Review of biodegradation of synthetic dyes.
Several studies were made on decolorization and transformation of Malachite Green (MG). Mode of degradation in actual use include the utilization of various organisms: fungi, bacteria and yeast confirming that many organisms can be used to decolorate and transform Malachite Green; nevertheless studies reported on this review are focused only on transformation of the dye and not on the degradation assessment.
Conclusion
Many organisms can be used to decolorate and transform Malachite Green.
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