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EC number: 200-909-4 | CAS number: 75-86-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Monitoring data
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- monitoring data
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- late September - October 1997
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: reliable with restrictions as the analytical method is not reported
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Cyanogens in Cassava Flour and Roots and Urinary Thiocyanate Concentration in Mozambique
- Author:
- Ernesto M, Cardoso AP, Cliff J, Bradbury H
- Year:
- 2 000
- Bibliographic source:
- Journal of food composition and analysis 13, 1-12
Materials and methods
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Method of Bradbury et al. (1999).
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Type of measurement:
- background concentration
- Media:
- food
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionitrile
- EC Number:
- 200-909-4
- EC Name:
- 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropionitrile
- Cas Number:
- 75-86-5
- Molecular formula:
- C4H7NO
- IUPAC Name:
- 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile
Constituent 1
Study design
- Details on sampling:
- - Geographic coordinates Napula city, Nametil town (Nampula Province), Mosambique
- Known emission sources near sampling site: No
- Period of sampling: late September - October 1997
- Sampling: Cassava (Maniok) flour was sampled at the end of the cassava harvest and the dry season (late September-October).
- Sample storage before analysis: No data
Results and discussion
Concentration
- Country:
- Mozambique
- Location:
- Napula city, Nametil town, Mosambique
- Substance or metabolite:
- other: available cyanogen (acetone cyanohydrin + HCN/CN-)
- Conc.:
- 13 - 17 ppm
- Remarks on result:
- other: S.D.: 9 - 12
- Details on results:
- The amount of available cyanogen (acetone cyanohydrin + HCN/CN-) and partially available cyanogen (linamarin) was determined for 37 samples of cassava flour. There was no correlation between the amounts of available cyanogen and partially available cyanogen.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Available cyanogen (acetone cyanohydrin +HCN/CN -) in cassava flour from Nampula Province
Source of flour |
No. of samples |
acetone cyanohydrin +HCN/CN - [ppm] |
S.D. |
Nampula City, Belenses market |
12 |
18 |
9 |
Nametil town |
25 |
17 |
12 |
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Acetone cyanohydrin + HCN/CN – was found as a degradation product of naturally occurring cyanogenic glucoside linamarin in cassava (maniok) flour at concentrations of 13 – 17 ppm.
- Executive summary:
Cassava plants produce the cyanogenic glucoside Linamarin and there are large amounts present in the leaves and the root cortex (skin layer) and generally smaller amounts in the root parenchyma. Many cassava products are produced from the root parenchyma. The total amount of cyanogens present in cassava products include linamarin and its two cyanogen breakdown products, viz. acetone cyanohydrin and cyanide (CN-/HCN). Acetone cyanohydrin +HCN/CN- is completely broken down to cyanide in the alkaline conditions of the gut, whereas Linamarin is incompletely broken down due to its greater chemical stability and the absence in the body of an enzyme such as linamarase to catalyse its hydrolytic hreakdown. Acetone cyanohydrin + HCN/CN- is therefore called available cyanogen and linamarin is called partially available cyanogen, Samples were analysed for total cyanogens and for (acetone cyanohydrin + HCN/CN-) by the method of Bradbury et al. (1999) (not reported). Acetone cyanohydrin +HCN/CN - was found in Cassava fluor at concentrations of 13 to 17 ppm.
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