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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 620-400-4 | CAS number: 12031-65-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Ecotoxicological Summary
Administrative data
Hazard for aquatic organisms
Freshwater
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
Marine water
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
STP
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
Sediment (freshwater)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
Sediment (marine water)
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
Hazard for air
Air
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no hazard identified
Hazard for terrestrial organisms
Soil
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no data available: testing technically not feasible
Hazard for predators
Secondary poisoning
- Hazard assessment conclusion:
- no potential for bioaccumulation
Additional information
The substance Lithium Nickel Dioxide is an inorganic compound with very low solubility. Therefore, there are no mandatory testing requirements for any of the required ecotoxicological endpoints. As a result, the determination of PNEC levels for this substance that are based on ecotoxicological studies cannot be conducted.
A transformation/dissolution test according to OECD 29 with the substance, however, demonstrated that small amounts of the individual inorganic building blocks of this substance (i.e., the elements Ni and Li) could be released in aqueous media depending on exposure time and pH. For details please refer to IUCLID chapter 4.8 Water solubility.
The concentration of released metals strongly depends on time and pH. The highest concentration at pH 6.0 to 7.2 range between 26.4 µg/L (after 28d@1 mg/L) and 1976 µg/L (after 7d@100mg/L) for Lithium and 51.7 µg/L (after 28d@1mg/L) and 3828 µg/L (after 7d@100mg/L) for nickel.
Since the aquatic toxicity of both of the released metal ions (Li; Ni) is very well known, the environmental hazard assessment can be performed without further testing by using the environmental reference values (ERV) as derived by Ghekiere & Patrick Van Sprang (2007): "Derivation of acute & chronic reference values for Ni, Co, Li and Mn"; PDF attached. As demonstrated by Ghekiere & Sprang (2007) and as reflected in the registration dossiers of both metals, for the environmental hazard assessment, Nickel is about 2 order of magnitude more toxic to aquatic organisms than or Lithium. Moreover, the release of Nickel is higher than the release of Lithium as demonstrated in the OECD TG 29.
Thus, Nickel is the relevant metal for acute and chronic classification of Lithium nickel dioxide according to CLP.
Conclusion on classification
As mentioned above, classification of Lithium nickel dioxide (LiNiO2) is based on the release concentration of nickel as demonstrated in the OECD TG 29 (rf. chapter 4.8. Water solubility). Ghekiere & Sprang (2007) compared several acute and chronic aquatic toxicity data on Ceriodaphnia dubia using Nickel chloride to derive a conservative environmental reference value for the aquatic toxicity of nickel ion.
To derive the aquatic acute classification, the release concentrations are compared to the observed acute toxicity of the nickel ion (ERV):
LC50 = 68 µg/L (Ghekiere & Sprang, 2007)
Since 1 mg of LiNiO2 released 51.7 µg Ni/L after 28d and 10 mg/L LiNiO2 released 162 mg Ni/L after 7d, 68 µg Ni/L (=LC50) will be released at a LiNiO2 concentration of >1 mg/L <10 mg/L. Thus, the derived CLP classification is Aquatic Acute 2 (H401).
To derive the aquatic chronic classification, the release concentrations are compared to the observed chronic toxicity of the nickel ion (ERV):
EC10 = 2.4 µg/L (Wirtz et al., 2004 as cited in Ghekiere & Sprang, 2007)
Since 1 mg of LiNiO2 released 51.7 µg Ni/L after 28d, 2.4 µg Ni/L (= EC10) will be released at a LiNiO2 concentration of >0.01 mg/L < 0.1 mg/L. Thus, the derived CLP classification is Aquatic Chronic 2 (H411).
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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