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EC number: 201-579-4 | CAS number: 85-00-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Skin irritation / corrosion
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- skin irritation: in vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 20 Aug 1996 to 12 Sep 1996
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 1 998
- Report date:
- 1998
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 404 (Acute Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method B.4 (Acute Toxicity: Dermal Irritation / Corrosion)
- Version / remarks:
- 1992
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OPP 81-5 (Acute Dermal Irritation)
- GLP compliance:
- yes
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Diquat dibromide
- EC Number:
- 201-579-4
- EC Name:
- Diquat dibromide
- Cas Number:
- 85-00-7
- Molecular formula:
- C12H12N2.2Br
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,1'-ethylene 2,2'-bipyridyldiylium dibromide
- Reference substance name:
- Water
- EC Number:
- 231-791-2
- EC Name:
- Water
- Cas Number:
- 7732-18-5
- Molecular formula:
- H2O
- IUPAC Name:
- water
- Test material form:
- liquid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Test animals
- Species:
- rabbit
- Strain:
- New Zealand White
- Remarks:
- albino
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Age at study initiation: Young adult
- Weight at study initiation: 2305 - 3020 g
- Housing: Individually in aluminium sheet cage
- Diet: STANRAB SQC, ad libitum
- Water: Mains water, ad libitum
- Acclimation period: At least 6 days
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 17 ± 2
- Humidity (%): 55 ± 15
- Air changes (per hr): approximately 25 - 30
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): 12/12
IN-LIFE DATES: From 20 Aug 1996 To:12 Sep 1996
Test system
- Type of coverage:
- occlusive
- Preparation of test site:
- clipped
- Vehicle:
- unchanged (no vehicle)
- Remarks:
- Technical solution
- Controls:
- no
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount applied: 0.5 mL - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 4 hours
- Observation period:
- 23 days
- Number of animals:
- 3 females
- Details on study design:
- APPLICATION OF TEST SUBSTANCE
Approximately 24 hours prior to application of the test substance, the hair was removed with a pair of veterinary clippers from an area approximately 7 cm x 13 cm on the left flank of each animal. The undiluted test substance (0.5 mL) was applied, using a sterile disposable polypropylene syringe, to the test site (approximate size 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm) on the left flank of each rabbit. The treated area was covered with a piece of 4-ply surgical gauze (approximate size 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm), which was secured by two strips of surgical tape (approximate size 1 cm x 8 cm). This was covered by a piece of impermeable rubber sheeting (approximate size 35 cm x 13 cm) wrapped once around the trunk of the animal and secured with adhesive impermeable polyethylene tape. The dressings were left in position for approximately four hours. After this time each dressing was carefully removed and discarded. The application site was gently cleansed free of any residual test substance using clean swabs of absorbent cotton wool soaked in 3 % teepol in water and was then dried gently with clean tissue paper.
IRRITATION RESPONSE
The animals were assessed daily for up to 23 days for any signs of skin irritation. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize, to assess the degree of erythema and oedema at the application sites approximately 30 - 60 minutes and 1, 2 and 3 days after removal of the dressings and then at intervals for up to 23 days. Any other signs of skin irritation were also noted.
BODY WEIGHTS
The body weight of each animal was recorded at the start of the study.
Results and discussion
In vivo
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 14 days
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- erythema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 21 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #1
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #2
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 0.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 2 days
- Irritation parameter:
- edema score
- Basis:
- animal #3
- Time point:
- 24/48/72 h
- Score:
- 1.3
- Max. score:
- 4
- Reversibility:
- fully reversible within: 7 days
- Irritant / corrosive response data:
- Very slight or well-defined erythema was seen in two animals for up to 7 days and in one animal for up to 17 days. Very slight or slight erythema was seen in all animals for up to 2 or 7 days. There were no additional signs of irritation in one animal. Additional signs seen in the remaining two animals included desquamation, thickening and development of new skin with the associated sparse hair growth. All signs of irritation had completely regressed by day 23 in both animals.
- Other effects:
- There were no signs of ill-health in any animal during the study.
Any other information on results incl. tables
Table 1: Individual and mean skin irritation scores of test substance according to the Draize scheme
Time |
Erythema |
Oedema |
||||
Animal number |
#1 |
#2 |
#3 |
#1 |
#2 |
#3 |
after 30 - 60 minutes |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
after 1 day |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
after 2 day |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
after 3 days |
1 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
mean score 24 - 72 h |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
1.3 |
after 4 days |
2 |
1 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
after 7 days |
0 d, n, t |
0 |
1 d, t |
0 |
0 |
0 |
after 10 days |
- |
- |
1 d, t |
- |
- |
0 |
after 11 days |
0 d, n, t |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
after 14 days |
0 |
- |
1 d, |
0 |
- |
0 |
after 17 days |
- |
- |
0 d, n, sp |
- |
- |
0 |
after 21 days |
- |
- |
0 n |
- |
- |
0 |
after 23 days |
- |
- |
0 |
- |
- |
0 |
d – desquamation; n – new skin; t – thickening; sp – sparse hair growth
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- Category 2 (irritant) based on GHS criteria
- Conclusions:
- The test substance is a moderate to severe irritant following a single four-hour application to rabbit skin.
- Executive summary:
In a primary dermal irritation study in accordance with OECD 404 and in compliance with GLP, 3 young adult female New Zealand White albino rabbits were dermally exposed to 0.5 mL of test substance to an area (approximately 2.5 cm x 2.5 cm) of the shorn flank for 4 hours. The animals were assessed for up to 23 days for any signs of skin irritation. Irritation was scored by the method of Draize.
Very slight or well-defined erythema was seen in two animals for up to 7 days and in one animal for up to 17 days. Very slight or slight oedema was seen in all animals for up to 2 or 7 days. There were no additional signs of irritation in one animal. Additional signs seen in the remaining two animals included desquamation, thickening and development of new skin with associated sparse hair growth. All signs of irritation had completely regressed by day 23 in both animals. The test substance is a moderate to severe irritant following a single four-hour application to rabbit skin.
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