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EC number: 272-823-5 | CAS number: 68916-18-7
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Genetic toxicity: in vivo
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- in vivo mammalian somatic cell study: cytogenicity / erythrocyte micronucleus
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- study well documented, meets generally accepted scientific principles, acceptable for assessment
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Investigation of coffee in sister chromatid exchange and micronucleus test in vivo
- Author:
- Aeschbacher HU et al.,
- Year:
- 1 984
- Bibliographic source:
- Fd Chem. Toxic. Vol. 22, No. 10, pp 803-807
Materials and methods
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: original method
- Version / remarks:
- The micronucleus test. Schmid W. Mutation Research 31 (1975) 9-15
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- - Principle of test: micronucleus test
- Short description of test conditions: test substance was applied sub-acutely to mice, and the effect was read in direct smears from bone marrow
- Parameters analysed / observed: bone-marrow metaphase chromosomes - GLP compliance:
- no
- Type of assay:
- mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- not applicable - High molecular weight constituents (Mwt > 719 g mol-1) such as polysaccharides, proteins and melanoidin polymers
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable - High molecular weight constituents (Mwt > 719 g mol-1) such as polysaccharides, proteins and melanoidin polymers
- IUPAC Name:
- not applicable - High molecular weight constituents (Mwt > 719 g mol-1) such as polysaccharides, proteins and melanoidin polymers
- Reference substance name:
- not applicable - Inorganic constituents (including K, Mg and Ca) of Coffee, bean, roasted, ext.
- Molecular formula:
- not applicable - Inorganic constituents (including K, Mg and Ca) of Coffee, bean, roasted, ext.
- IUPAC Name:
- not applicable - Inorganic constituents (including K, Mg and Ca) of Coffee, bean, roasted, ext.
- Reference substance name:
- Caffeine
- EC Number:
- 200-362-1
- EC Name:
- Caffeine
- Cas Number:
- 58-08-2
- Molecular formula:
- C8H10N4O2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1,3,7-trimethyl-3,7-dihydro-1H-purine-2,6-dione
- Reference substance name:
- 1-methylpyridinio-3-carboxylate
- EC Number:
- 208-620-5
- EC Name:
- 1-methylpyridinio-3-carboxylate
- Cas Number:
- 535-83-1
- Molecular formula:
- C7H7NO2
- IUPAC Name:
- 1-methylpyridinium-3-carboxylate
- Reference substance name:
- 5-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-L-quinic acid
- EC Number:
- 206-325-6
- EC Name:
- 5-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-L-quinic acid
- Cas Number:
- 327-97-9
- Molecular formula:
- C16H18O9
- IUPAC Name:
- 3-{[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acryloyl]oxy}-1,4,5-trihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acid
Constituent 1
Constituent 2
Constituent 3
Constituent 4
Constituent 5
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Instant coffee was obtained in sealed 100 g jars
- Expiration date of the lot/batch: not available
- Purity test date: not available
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: not available
- Stability under test conditions: not available
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: soluble in water
- Reactivity of the test substance with the solvent/vehicle of the cell culture medium: not applicable
TREATMENT OF TEST MATERIAL PRIOR TO TESTING
- Treatment of test material prior to testing: coffee was always freshly prepared just before use, with boiling tap water and cooled to room temperature.
- Preliminary purification step (if any): none
- Final dilution of a dissolved solid, stock liquid or gel: not available
- Final preparation of a solid: not applicable
OTHER SPECIFICS: none
Test animals
- Species:
- mouse
- Strain:
- Swiss
- Remarks:
- OF-1
- Sex:
- male
- Details on test animals or test system and environmental conditions:
- TEST ANIMALS
- Source: Iffa Credo, France
- Age at study initiation: 10 weeks
- Weight at study initiation: not available
- Assigned to test groups randomly: yes
- Fasting period before study: not available
- Housing: individually in cages after random distribution
- Diet: ad libitum, Nafag diet 875
- Water: ad libitum
- Acclimation period: at least 1 week
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
- Temperature (°C): 23±1
- Humidity (%): 55±5
- Air changes (per hr): not available
- Photoperiod (hrs dark / hrs light): not available
IN-LIFE DATES: From: To: not available
Administration / exposure
- Route of administration:
- oral: gavage
- Vehicle:
- Tap water was used as a test substance vehicle and negative control, administered at 1 mL/40 g bw/day
- Details on exposure:
- Instant coffee was administered to the animals by gavage in volumes up to 1 mL. Volumes were adjusted for body weight. Coffee doses were applied up to the highest tolerated dose level, which were determined in the preliminary assay. Instant coffee was administered for five consecutive days at 24-hour intervals, the last dose was given 6 hours before killing. The negative-group animals received water at the same time as the test animals were treated. The positive control animals were always treated 30 minutes and 6 hours before killing by intraperitoneal injection.
- Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 5 days
- Frequency of treatment:
- 24-hour intervals
- Post exposure period:
- 6 hours
Doses / concentrationsopen allclose all
- Dose / conc.:
- 500 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- instant coffee
- Dose / conc.:
- 1 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- instant coffee
- Dose / conc.:
- 2 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- instant coffee
- Dose / conc.:
- 3 000 mg/kg bw/day
- Remarks:
- instant coffee
- No. of animals per sex per dose:
- 9-10
- Control animals:
- yes, concurrent vehicle
- Positive control(s):
- Triethylenethiophosphoramide
- Justification for choice of positive control(s): not available
- Route of administration: intraperitoneal
- Doses / concentrations: 1.5 mg/kg bw, injected at 30 and 6 hours prior to killing
Examinations
- Tissues and cell types examined:
- marrow cells from femurs
- Details of tissue and slide preparation:
- After killing, the femurs were removed and the marrow expelled with 2 ml of fetal bovine serum. After one or two flushings, the marrow cells obtained were dispersed in the serum as a fine suspension, which was centrifuged at 200 g for 10 minutes. The suparnatant was removed and the cells were resuspended in a small drop of serum and the slides were prepared. After drying for 24 hours, the slides were fixed for 5 minutes in absolute methanol and stained in 10% Giemsa for 45 minutes. They were then thoroughly rinsed with distilled water, air dried, cleared in xylitol and covered with Merckoglas spray.
- Evaluation criteria:
- 1000 polychromatic were scored for micronuclei
- Statistics:
- Counts were checked for their mathematical distribution. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) based on the Poisson distribution was used to compare the difference in micronuclei frequency between animals receiving water only and those receiving instant coffee.
Results and discussion
Test results
- Key result
- Sex:
- male
- Genotoxicity:
- negative
- Toxicity:
- not specified
- Vehicle controls validity:
- valid
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Additional information on results:
- Instant coffee induced no significant effect in the micronucleus test when mice received up to 3 g coffee/kg body weight/day during five consecutive days. There was no difference in micronuclei frequency between the mice receiving water only and those receiving instant coffee.
Any other information on results incl. tables
See attached additional information on results.
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- Administration of oral doses of instant coffee given to Swiss OF-1 mice up to 3000 mg/kg/ body weight per day for five executive days did not induce increases in micronuclei above spontaneous levels.
- Executive summary:
Instant coffee was administered to Swiss OF-1 mice by gavage up to 3000 mg/kg/ body weight per day for 5 consecutive days. The negative-group animals received water at the same time as the test animals were treated and positive control animals received triethylenethiophosphoramide at 1.5 mg/kg bw 30 minutes and 6 hours before killing by intraperitoneal injection.
After killing, the femurs were removed, bone marrow expelled, washed, stained and 1000 polychromatic were scored for the presence of micronuclei.
Instant coffee did not have any significant effect in the micronucleus test when mice received up to 3000 mg coffee/kg body weight/day during five consecutive days. There was no difference in micronuclei frequency between the mice receiving water only and those receiving instant coffee.
Under conditions of this study, instant coffee was considered non-genotoxic in mice.
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