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EC number: 947-855-4 | CAS number: -
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge nitrification inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline followed
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Ammonia oxidizers were enumerated in 34 activated sludges, including sludges which were from sewage treatment plants (S-sludge), nightsoil treatment plants (N-sludge) and activated sludges cultivated with organic (O-sludge) or inorganic (I-sludge) artificial wastewaters in the laboratory. Two media were used for enumeration, one containing 0.76 mM (AL medium) and the other 37.9 mM (AH medium) of (NH4)2SO4. The MPN estimated with AL medium were higher than those with AH medium in S-sludges, N-sludges and O-sludges, while both media gave almost the same MPN for I-sludges. Ten ammonia oxidizers, all identified as Nitrosomonas spp, were isolated from sludge samples. Isolates obtained as predominants in S- and O-sludges were sensitive to (NH4)2SO4; they grew in medium containing 0.71 mM of (NH4)2 SO4 but not in medium containing 35.7 mM of (NH 4)2504- On the other hand, those obtained as predominants in an I-sludge, as well as ATCC strains grew in both media.
Activated sludge was adjusted to an MLSS concentration of about 5000 mg/L prior to serial dilution. A 20-mL activated sludge suspension was sonicated for 2 min at 40 W. Serial 10-fold dilutions of the inoculum sources were prepared in sterile distilled water and 1 mL portions were transferred to MPN tubes containing AL or AH media. Ten replicate tubes per dilution were used for enumeration. S-sludges were inoculated within 6 h after sampling. Inoculated MPN tubes were incubated for 42 days at 25°C unless otherwise stated.
Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were isolated by the serial dilution process from four sludges with C basal medium containing 0.71 or 35.7 mM (NH4)2SO4. After heterotroph-free cultures were obtained, strains GH22 and GH23 were purified on silica gel plates containing 35.7 mM (NH4)2SO4 three times (Suwa, 1989). The remaining strains were purified by three successive dilution procedures in C basal medium containing 0.71 or 35.7 mM (NH4)2SO4. - GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- Nitrobacter sp.
- Details on inoculum:
- The sewage treatment study (Suwa et al., 1994) investigated 14 strains of Nitrobacter spp. (ammonium oxidising bacteria) isolated from 25 different sludges including three sludges from primary sewage treatment plants and two sludges from nightsoil treatment plants.
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Duration:
- 42 d
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 94 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of nitrification rate
- Details on results:
- Nitrite production kinetic studies showed that insensitive strains (those which grew well at 4700 mg/L ammonium sulfate) showed Monod growth, while sensitive strains (those which grew at 94 mg/L but not at 4700 mg/L) followed Haldane kinetics. The results suggested that ammonium sulfate sensitive strains had a growth advantage in lower ammonium sulfate concentrations, while insensitive strains had a growth advantage at higher ammonium sulfate concentrations. Both sensitive and insensitive strains were found in the primary and nightsoil sludges, with the sensitive strains predominating. This explained the operational observations in several sewage treatment plants concerning the efficacy of nitrifying bacteria.
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- Nitrification during sewage treatment plant operation involves both sensitive (no growth at 4700 but growth at 94 mg/L ammonium sulfate) and insensitive (growth at 4700 mg/L ammonium sulfate) strains of Nitrobacter spp (Suwa et al., 1994). This indicates that a NOEC for specific nitrifying bacteria will be greater than 94 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- data from handbook or collection of data
- Qualifier:
- no guideline available
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- The SIDS report did not state the methods used.
- GLP compliance:
- not specified
- Test organisms (species):
- other: several microorganisms were reported in the SIDS
- Duration:
- 16 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- > 10 000 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: Pseudomonas putida (freshwater)
- Remarks:
- method not stated
- Duration:
- 8 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: Microcystis (freshwater cyanobacteria)
- Remarks:
- method not stated
- Duration:
- 72 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 485 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: Entosiphon sulcatum (freshwater protozoa)
- Remarks:
- method not stated
- Details on results:
- Other results:
Protozoa:
Tetramitus rostratus (freshwater): 35-h TLC ≤ 108 mg/L toxic limit concentration, exposure period ambiguous, method not stated
Uronema parduczi (freshwater): TLC = 622 mg/L toxic limit concentration, exposure period and method not stated
Tetraselmis tetrathele (saltwater): 7-day TLC = 1–300 mg/L toxic limit concentration, method not stated
Bacteria (all freshwater):
Nitrosomonas sp.: EC0 = 100 mg/L no inhibition of nitrification,exposure period and method not stated
“37 Strains of bacteria”: all strains positive growth; 30-day EC0 = 500 mg/L; microbes isolated from acidic mine water, pH = 3, citric acid as sole carbon source, method not stated
Arthrobacter globiformis,10 strains: good to excellent degradation; microbes isolated from soil, citric acid as sole C sour ce, mineral salts added, exposure period and method not stated - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not specified
- Conclusions:
- The lowest reported EC0 in cyanobacteria was 80 mg/L.
Different strains of bacteria showed positive growth respectively good to excellent degradation with citric acid as the sole carbon source and the same holds for sewage sludge micro-organisms that thrive on citric acid. - Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- weight of evidence
- Justification for type of information:
- Please see the read-across document as attached in section 13.
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- read-across source
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- The target substance contains between 45 and 86% water.
- Duration:
- 8 d
- Dose descriptor:
- EC0
- Effect conc.:
- 80 mg/L
- Remarks on result:
- other: based on pure substance
- Remarks:
- As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied by at least a factor of 1.8.
- Details on results:
- The lowest reported EC0 in cyanobacteria for citric acid was 80 mg/L.
Different strains of bacteria showed positive growth respectively good to excellent degradation with citric acid as the sole carbon source and the same holds for sewage sludge micro-organisms that thrive on citric acid.
Ammonium sulfate: Nitrification during sewage treatment plant operation involves both sensitive (no growth at 4700 but growth at 94 mg/L ammonium sulfate) and insensitive (growth at 4700 mg/L ammonium sulfate) strains of Nitrobacter spp (Suwa et al., 1994). This indicates that a NOEC for specific nitrifying bacteria will be greater than 94 mg/L. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- not applicable
- Conclusions:
- Based on read-across to the SIDS reported data of citric acid and ammonium sulfate, the pure target substance ammonium dihydrogen citrate can be considered not to be toxic to microorganisms at concentrations of 80 mg/L and higher. As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied by at least a factor of 1.8. As furthermore, the pure target substance is readily biodegradable, it is considered that the target substance is not toxic to microorganisms.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Based on read-across to the SIDS reported data of citric acid and ammonium sulfate, the pure target substance ammonium dihydrogen citrate can be considered not to be toxic to microorganisms at concentrations of 80 mg/L and higher. As the target substance is an aqueous solution with 45 to 86% water, this value needs to be multiplied by at least a factor of 1.8. As furthermore, the pure target substance is readily biodegradable, it is considered that the target substance is not toxic to microorganisms.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC10 or NOEC for microorganisms:
- 80 mg/L
Additional information
Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice.
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