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EC number: 221-678-6 | CAS number: 3184-13-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Eye irritation
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- eye irritation: in vitro / ex vivo
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-05-09 to 2017-08-24
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- study report
- Title:
- Unnamed
- Year:
- 2 017
- Report date:
- 2017
Materials and methods
Test guidelineopen allclose all
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 437 (Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability Test Method for Identifying i) Chemicals Inducing Serious Eye Damage and ii) Chemicals Not Requiring Classification for Eye Irritation or Serious Eye Damage)
- Version / remarks:
- 2013-07-26
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU method B.47 (Bovine corneal opacity and permeability test method for identifying ocular corrosives and severe irritants)
- Version / remarks:
- 2010-12-08
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid
- EC Number:
- 221-678-6
- EC Name:
- L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid
- Cas Number:
- 3184-13-2
- Molecular formula:
- C5H12N2O2.ClH
- IUPAC Name:
- L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid
1
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. / lot 160060
- Purity test date: 2016-12-01
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: In a tightly closed container, in a dry and well-ventilated place in a cool and dry place at +10°C to +25°C.
- Stability under test conditions: yes
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: highly soluble
Test animals / tissue source
- Species:
- cattle
- Details on test animals or tissues and environmental conditions:
- Bovine eyes from cattle in the age range of 6 to 12 months were obtained from a slaughterhouse (Hubert Bahlmann GmbH & Co. Versandschlachterei Spezialmischfutterwerk KG, 49699 Lindern, Germany). To minimize deterioration and bacterial contamination, on collection the eyes were completely submerged in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) containing penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 µg/mL . Upon arrival at the laboratory, the eyes were examined for defects such as but not limited to increased opacity, scratches, and neovascularisation. Only corneas from eyes free of defects were used.
The quality of each cornea was also evaluated at later steps in the assay. Corneas that had opacity greater than seven opacity units or equivalent for the opacitometer and cornea holders used after an initial one hour equilibration period had to be discarded.
The corneas were dissected with a 2 to 3 mm rim of sclera and mounted in corneal holders with anterior (epithelium) and posterior (endothelium) chambers. Beginning with the posterior chambers, the chambers were filled to excess with pre-warmed Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) , while preventing bubble formation. The corneal holder was equilibrated at 32±1°C for at least one hour.
After the equilibration period, fresh pre-warmed EMEM was added to both chambers and baseline opacity readings were taken for each cornea. Corneas exhibiting macroscopic tissue damage (e.g. scratches, pigmentation, neovascularisation) or an opacity >7 opacity units were discarded. The mean opacity of all equilibrated corneas was calculated by use of an opacitometer. A minimum of three corneas with opacity values close to the median value for all corneas were selected as negative control corneas. The remaining corneas were then distributed into treatment and positive control groups.
Test system
- Vehicle:
- physiological saline
- Controls:
- yes, concurrent positive control
- yes, concurrent negative control
- Amount / concentration applied:
- TEST MATERIAL
- Amount(s) applied (volume or weight with unit): 750 µl
- Concentration (if solution): 20 % suspension in 0.9 % sodium chloride solution (w/v)
VEHICLE
- Concentration (if solution): 0.9 % sodium chloride solution (w/v)
- Lot/batch no. (if required): Batch no. 163548002; B. Braun Melsungen AG, 34212 Melsungen, Germany
- Purity: analytical grade - Duration of treatment / exposure:
- 240 min
- Number of animals or in vitro replicates:
- 3 in vitro replicates
- Details on study design:
- SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF CORNEAS
Bovine eyes from cattle in the age range of 6 to 12 months were obtained from a slaughterhouse . To minimize deterioration and bacterial contamination, on collection the eyes were completely submerged in Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) containing penicillin at 100 IU/mL and streptomycin at 100 µg/mL .
QUALITY CHECK OF THE ISOLATED CORNEAS
Upon arrival at the laboratory, the eyes were examined for defects such as but not limited to increased opacity, scratches, and neovascularisation. Only corneas from eyes free of defects were used.
The quality of each cornea was also evaluated at later steps in the assay. Corneas that had opacity greater than seven opacity units or equivalent for the opacitometer and cornea holders used after an initial one hour equilibration period had to be discarded.
NUMBER OF REPLICATES
3
NEGATIVE CONTROL USED
0.9% sodium chloride solution
POSITIVE CONTROL USED
20% Imidazole (CAS no. 288-32-4) in 0.9% sodium chloride solution
APPLICATION DOSE AND EXPOSURE TIME
750 µL of the test or control items as recommended as suitable test volume according to OECD TG 437 were added to completely cover the cornea’s epithelium in the anterior chamber. Exposure time: 240 min.
TREATMENT METHOD: closed chamber
REMOVAL OF TEST SUBSTANCE
- Number of washing steps after exposure period: at least 3 washing steps
The epithelium was washed with EMEM containing phenol red at least three times. Washing was repeated until no test item or discolouration (yellow or purple) of phenol red was visible. The corneas were rinsed a final time with EMEM only to remove any remaining phenol red from the chamber. The chamber was then filled with EMEM without phenol red.
POST-INCUBATION PERIOD:no.
METHODS FOR MEASURED ENDPOINTS:
- Corneal opacity: Determined by the amount of light transmission through the cornea measured quantitatively with the aid of an opacitometer resulting in opacity values measured on a continuous scale.
- Corneal permeability: To determine the corneal permeability 1 mL sodium fluorescein solution (5 mg/mL in 0.9% sodium chloride solution) was added to the anterior chamber (epithelial surface) while the posterior chamber (endothelial surface) was refilled with fresh EMEM. The holder was incubated in a horizontal position at 32±1°C for 90±5 minutes. The amount of sodium fluorescein that crossed from the anterior to the posterior chamber was measured quantitatively using a microplate reader (Tecan Sunrise Magellan Version 7.2 ). Measurements at 490 nm were recorded as optical density (OD490). The fluorescein permeability values were determined using OD490 values based upon a visible light spectrophotometer (Tecan Sunrise) using a standard 1 cm path length.
SCORING SYSTEM: In Vitro Irritancy Score (IVIS)
DECISION CRITERIA: please specify if the decision criteria as indicated in the TG was used. Yes
Results and discussion
In vitro
Resultsopen allclose all
- Irritation parameter:
- in vitro irritation score
- Run / experiment:
- Treatment group
- Value:
- 0.073
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Irritation parameter:
- other: mean opacity compared to the negative control
- Run / experiment:
- Treatment group
- Value:
- 0.213
- Negative controls validity:
- valid
- Positive controls validity:
- valid
- Remarks on result:
- no indication of irritation
- Other effects / acceptance of results:
DEMONSTRATION OF TECHNICAL PROFICIENCY: For hiitorical data see "Any other information on materials and methods incl. tables
ACCEPTANCE OF RESULTS:
- Acceptance criteria met for negative control: yes
- Acceptance criteria met for positive control: yes
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Interpretation of results:
- GHS criteria not met
- Conclusions:
- Under the present test conditions L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-ORNITHINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE) tested in the in vitro BCOP test method, had an IVIS value of 0.073, which is below the cut-off value of 3 (UN GHS no category) and consequently it is not classified as a severe irritant and is not corrosive according to UN GHS classification.
- Executive summary:
The aim of the experiment was to determine if L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-ORNITHINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE) has tobe classified as “ocular corrosive and severe irritant” without in vivo testing.
Under the present test conditions L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-ORNITHINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE) tested in the in vitro BCOP test method, had an IVIS value of 0.073, which is below the cut-off value of 3 (UN GHS no category) and consequently it is not classified as a severe irritant and is not corrosive according to UN GHS classification.
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