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EC number: 221-678-6 | CAS number: 3184-13-2
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Toxicity to microorganisms
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- activated sludge respiration inhibition testing
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 2017-05-08 to 2017-09-06
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 209 (Activated Sludge, Respiration Inhibition Test (Carbon and Ammonium Oxidation))
- Version / remarks:
- 2010-07-22
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- EU Method C.11 (Biodegradation: Activated Sludge Respiration Inhibition Test)
- Version / remarks:
- 2008-05-30
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- ISO 8192 (Water quality - Test for inhibition of oxygen consumption by activated sludge for carbonaceous and ammonium oxidation)
- Version / remarks:
- 2007
- GLP compliance:
- yes (incl. QA statement)
- Specific details on test material used for the study:
- SOURCE OF TEST MATERIAL
- Source and lot/batch No.of test material: Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. / lot 160060
- Purity test date: 2016-12-01
STABILITY AND STORAGE CONDITIONS OF TEST MATERIAL
- Storage condition of test material: 20 +/- 5 °C, in the dark.
- Solubility and stability of the test substance in the solvent/vehicle: highly soluble - Analytical monitoring:
- no
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF TEST SOLUTION (especially for difficult test substances)
- Method: Appropriate amounts of test item were directly weight into the test vessels and test water was added. The composition was stirred intensively.
- Controls:
negative: pure water, synthetic sewage and inoculum
positive for total respiration: 3,5-dichlorphenol
positive for nitification inhibition: N-allylthiourea (ATU)
- Evidence of undissolved material (e.g. precipitate, surface film, etc.): no - Test organisms (species):
- activated sludge of a predominantly domestic sewage
- Details on inoculum:
- - Name and location of sewage treatment plant where inoculum was collected: municipal sewage treatment plant Bensheim, Germany
- Method of cultivation:
The activated sludge used for this study was used as collected, but coarse particles were removed by settling for a short period (15 minutes) and then the upper layer decanted. During holding prior to use the sludge was fed with 50 mL synthetic sewage (see below) per litre and kept aerated at room temperature overnight.
An aliquot of the final sludge suspension was weighed, dried and the ratio of wet sludge to its dry weight determined. Based on the sludge dry matter, calculated amounts of wet sludge were suspended in pure water to yield a concentration equivalent to 3.0 g/L on dry weight basis. This level gives a concentration of 1.5 g/L suspended solids in the test medium. - Test type:
- static
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 3 h
- Test temperature:
- 20 °C +/- 2°C during pre-incubation (at least 3 hours) and evaluation period
- pH:
- 7.0
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg test item/L (5 replicates each)
- Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel: Glass flasks of approximately 1 litre volume and Karlsruher flasks of 250 mL volume
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: see above
- Aeration: Compressed air (1.017 litre per minute)
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 5
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 6
- No. of vessels per positive control (replicates) 3,5-dichlorophenol: 5 per test concentration, except for 4 mg/L where 4 replicates were evaluated
- No. of vessels per positive control (replicates) ATU: 6 per test concentration
- Sludge concentration (weight of dry solids per volume): 3.0 g/L dry weight basis, 1.5 g/L suspended solids
- Nutrients provided for bacteria: sythetic sewage
- Nitrification inhibitor used (delete if not applicable): N-allylthiourea (ATU)
- Biomass loading rate: 1.5 g/L suspended solids
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Adjustment of pH: not required
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) :
Respiration rate: oxygen consumtion
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Test concentrations: 10, 32, 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L - Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 7.8 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of respiration due to nitrification
- Key result
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- >= 1 000 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of heterotrophic respiration
- Duration:
- 3 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 32 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- nominal
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- inhibition of total respiration
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: no
- Effect concentrations exceeding solubility of substance in test medium: no
- Adsorption (e.g. of test material to the walls of the test container): no - Results with reference substance (positive control):
- - Results with reference substance valid? yes
- Relevant effect levels: 3,5-Dichlorphenol: 3 -hour EC10, EC20, EC50 - Reported statistics and error estimates:
- A non-linear, 3-parametric normal Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) was chosen to compute the Effective Concentrations (3-hour ECx and their 95 %-confidence limits), followed by an analysis of variance and test for lack of fit for the 3-param. normal CDF.
For determination of NOEC concentrations, the Shapiro-Wilk`s Test was used for check of normal distribution, the variance homogeneity was tested by the Leven`s Test. Subsequently, the multiple sequentially-rejective Welsh-t-test (test item, total respiration and nitrification respiration, reference item total respiration) or the Williams Multiple Sequential t-test Procedure (test item, heterotroph respiration and reference item, heterotroph respiration and nitrification respiration; α= 0.05, one-sided smaller) with Levenberg-Marquardt optimization was used to determine LOEC and NOEC values, if possible.
The software used to perform the statistical analysis was ToxRat Professional, Version 3.2.1, ® ToxRat Solutions GmbH. - Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Conclusions:
- The effect of the test item L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) on heterotrophic oxygen uptake (heterotrophic respiration) from the oxidation of organic carbon is negligible; the NOEC could be established to be above 1000 mg/L. In contrast, strong effects on the oxidation of ammonium (nitrification respiration) could be determined. It can be concluded, that the effects on total oxygen uptake (total respiration) are caused by the nitrification respiration.
The test item L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) has no inhibiting effect on the heterotrophic respiration of activated sludge.
However, the test item L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) has an influence on the oxygen uptake due to nitrification. - Executive summary:
The influence of the test item L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) on the activity of activated sludge was evaluated by measuring the respiration rate under defined conditions. The respiration rate (oxygen consumption) of an aerobic activated sludge fed with a standard amount of synthetic sewage was measured in the presence of various concentrations of the test item after an incubation period of at least 3 hours.
Total respiration:
A dose-response inhibition of total respiration rate could be observed for test item concentrations up to 320 mg/L. The highest tested test item concentration of 1000 mg/L resulted in a reduced inhibition, comparable to the lowest tested concentrations.
The 3-hour EC10,EC20 and EC50 for total respiration could not be established; the NOEC was determined to be at a test item concentration of 32 mg/L.
Respiration without nitrification (Heterotrophic Respiration):
In comparison to the inoculum controls, the heterotrophic respiration was not inhibited at any test concentration.
The 3-hour ECx values for heterotrophic respiration could not be established, since no dose-response inhibition was measured; the NOEC was determined to be ≥ 1000 mg/L.
Respiration based on nitrification:
In comparison to the inoculum controls, the respiration rates of the activated sludge based on nitrification were strongly inhibited at test item concentrations of 100, 320 and 1000 mg/L (72.6%, 74.0% and 65.6% inhibition, respectively). For all other test item concentrations there was moderate inhibition on nitrifying activated sludge bacteria (45.3% and 46.1%). For the oxygen uptake due to nitrification the 3-hour EC50 was established to be 7.8 mg/L; the NOEC was determined to be at a test item concentration < 10 mg/L.
Reference
Inhibition of Respiration Rate (Total Respiration):
A dose-response inhibition of total respiration rate could be observed for test item concentrations up to 320 mg/L. The highest tested test item concentration of 1000 mg/L resulted in a reduced inhibition, comparable to the lowest tested concentrations.
The 3-hour EC10, EC20 and EC50 for total respiration could not be established; the NOEC was determined to be at a test item concentration of 32 mg/L.
Inhibition of Respiration Rate (Heterotrophic Respiration without Nitrification):
In comparison to the inoculum controls, the heterotrophic respiration was not inhibited at any test concentration.
The 3-hour ECx values for heterotrophic respiration could not be established, since no dose-response inhibition was measured; the NOEC was determined to be ≥ 1000 mg/L.
Inhibition of Respiration Rate based on Nitrification:
The effects on nitrification respiration were above 45% for all test item concentrations and showed no clear dose-response relationship.
For the oxygen uptake due to nitrification the 3-hour EC50 was established to be 7.8 mg/L; the NOEC was determined to be at a test item concentration of <10 mg/L.
Description of key information
L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) has no inhibiting effect on the heterotrophic respiration of activated sludge.
However, L-(+)-2,5-diaminopentanoic acid (L-Orn-HCl) has an influence on the oxygen uptake due to nitrification.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
- EC50 for microorganisms:
- 7.8 mg/L
Additional information
The EC50 of 7.8 mg/L refers to inhibition of oxygen uptake due to nitrification.
A NOEC of 32 mg/L applies for total respiration.
A NOEC of > 1000 mg/L applies for heterotrophic respiration
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