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EC number: 202-851-5 | CAS number: 100-42-5
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
Administrative data
Link to relevant study record(s)
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 27 June to 1 July 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- equivalent or similar to guideline
- Guideline:
- EPA OTS 797.1300 (Aquatic Invertebrate Acute Toxicity Test, Freshwater Daphnids)
- Version / remarks:
- Flow-Through Conditions
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- Temperature, Dissolved oxygen and pH were not recorded in replicates A and B of the 30 mg A.I./L (nominal) treatment level at the 72 and 96 hour intervals
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no attest of authority
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Details on sampling:
- - Sampling method: each sample was collected from the approximate midpoint of the test vessel with a volumetric pipet
- Vehicle:
- no
- Details on test solutions:
- - Eluate: water
- Test organisms (species):
- other aquatic arthropod: Hyalella azteka
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: amphipods
- Age: 7 to 14 d
- Source: Springborn laboratory
- Feeding during test
- Food type: Yeast, Cerophyl and Trout food suspension
- Amount: 0.5 mL
- Frequency: daily
ACCLIMATION
- Acclimation period: 14d
- Acclimation conditions (same as test or not): same as test
- Type and amount of food: suspension of flaked fish food, 100 mg/mL
- Feeding frequency: daily - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 96 d
- Hardness:
- 20 to 40 mg/L
- Test temperature:
- 22°C
- pH:
- 6.9 to 7.5
- Dissolved oxygen:
- 6.1 to 8.4 mg/L
- Salinity:
- 20 to 35 mg/L
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- Nominal: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30 and 50 mg A.I./L
Mean measured: 0.19, 1.0, 1.9, 4.1, 7.4 and 13 mg A.I./L - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, 350-mL, zero headspace
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): proportional diluter
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): approx. 16 x in 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: well water
- alkalinity: 20-22 mg/L CaCO3
- Conductivity: 140 µmhos
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: after 0 and 96 h
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity: 30 to 35 footcandles
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Mortality, measured after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.7
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30 and 50 mg A.I./L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- LC50
- Effect conc.:
- 9.5 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Remarks on result:
- other: Lower: 7.4, Upper: 13 mg A.I./L
- Duration:
- 96 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 4.1 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- act. ingr.
- Basis for effect:
- mortality
- Details on results:
- - Mortality of control: Control A: 10% , Control B: 0%
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Executive summary:
Styrene was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on Hylella azteka. The LC50 after 96 h was found to be 9.5 mg/L.
- Endpoint:
- short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Type of information:
- experimental study
- Adequacy of study:
- key study
- Study period:
- 09 February to 14 September 1995
- Reliability:
- 1 (reliable without restriction)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- guideline study
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- OECD Guideline 202 (Daphnia sp. Acute Immobilisation Test)
- Deviations:
- yes
- Remarks:
- six test concentrations, calibration of diluter system checked at 24-hour interval
- GLP compliance:
- yes
- Remarks:
- no attest of authority
- Analytical monitoring:
- yes
- Vehicle:
- no
- Test organisms (species):
- Daphnia magna
- Details on test organisms:
- TEST ORGANISM
- Common name: water flea
- Source: Springborn Laboratory
- Age at study initiation (mean and range, SD): ≤ 24 h
- Method of breeding: photo period of 16 h light and 8 h darkness, light intensity: 70 - 90 footcandles, temperature: 20 ± 2°C, feeding: daily combination of trout food suspension (5.0 mg/mL) and unicellular green algae (Ankistrodesmus falcatus) (4 x 10 to the power of 7 cells/mL) - Test type:
- flow-through
- Water media type:
- freshwater
- Limit test:
- no
- Total exposure duration:
- 48 h
- Hardness:
- total hardness (as CaCO3): 170 - 180
- Test temperature:
- 20 ± 1°C
- pH:
- 7.9
- Nominal and measured concentrations:
- nominal: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30, 50 mg A.I./L
measured (mean): 0.39, 0.59, 1.9, 3.3, 7.4, 14 mg A.I./L
percent of nominal: 10, 9.1, 18, 19, 25, 28 - Details on test conditions:
- TEST SYSTEM
- Test vessel:
- Type (delete if not applicable): closed
- Material, size, headspace, fill volume: glass, zero headspace, 350-mL
- Aeration: no
- Type of flow-through (e.g. peristaltic or proportional diluter): peristaltic
- Renewal rate of test solution (frequency/flow rate): approx. 16 x in 24 h
- No. of organisms per vessel: 10
- No. of vessels per concentration (replicates): 2
- No. of vessels per control (replicates): 2
TEST MEDIUM / WATER PARAMETERS
- Source/preparation of dilution water: fortifying well water / filtered through a Amberlite XAD-7 resin column and a carbon filter
- Total organic carbon: 1.0 mg/L
- Metals: none detected at concentrations considered toxic in agreement with ASTM (1989)
- Pesticides: none detected at concentrations considered toxic in agreement with ASTM (1989)
- Alkalinity: 110 mg/L (as CaCO3)
- Conductivity: 500 µmhos/cm
- Culture medium different from test medium: no
- Intervals of water quality measurement: 24 h at test initiation, 24 and 48 h
OTHER TEST CONDITIONS
- Photoperiod: 16 h
- Light intensity: 30 footcandles
EFFECT PARAMETERS MEASURED (with observation intervals if applicable) : Immobilisation (24 h interval, after 24 and 48 h)
TEST CONCENTRATIONS
- Spacing factor for test concentrations: 1.6
- Range finding study
- Test concentrations: 3.9, 6.5, 11, 18, 30, 50 mg A.I./L
- Results used to determine the conditions for the definitive study: immobilisation of 100% and 60% in two highest concentrations, lethargy at 30 mg A.I./L and no immobilisation in lower concentrations - Reference substance (positive control):
- no
- Key result
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect conc.:
- 4.7 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- immobilisation
- Remarks on result:
- other: 95% CL: 3.3 - 7.4
- Duration:
- 48 h
- Dose descriptor:
- NOEC
- Effect conc.:
- 1.9 mg/L
- Nominal / measured:
- meas. (arithm. mean)
- Conc. based on:
- test mat.
- Basis for effect:
- mobility
- Remarks:
- immobilisation
- Details on results:
- - Any observations (e.g. precipitation) that might cause a difference between measured and nominal values: difference between nominal and meassured concentration due to solubility and volatility of the test substance
- Validity criteria fulfilled:
- yes
- Executive summary:
Styrole was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on the Daphnia magna. The EC50 after 48 h was found to be 4.7 mg/L.
Referenceopen allclose all
Description of key information
Acutely toxic for aquatic invertebrates
Styrene was testet for possible toxicological effects in an acute test on Daphnia magna. The LC50 after 96 h was found to be 4.7 mg/L.
Key value for chemical safety assessment
Fresh water invertebrates
Fresh water invertebrates
- Dose descriptor:
- EC50
- Effect concentration:
- 4.7 mg/L
Additional information
In the evaluation of the available studies on the acute toxicity of styrene to aquatic invertebrates the same considerations apply as for fish in regard to volatility. Two studies have been conducted under flow-through conditions and with analytical monitoring of the substance concentrations and are considered fully valid:
Daphnia magna, 48 -hr EC50: 4.7 mg/l (Springborn, 1995)
Hyalella azteca, 96 -hr LC50: 9.5 mg/l (Springborn, 1995)
The lowest EC50 is therefore taken for the assessment of the acute toxicity of styrene for aquatic invertebrates
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