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Diss Factsheets
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EC number: 281-192-5 | CAS number: 83897-84-1
- Life Cycle description
- Uses advised against
- Endpoint summary
- Appearance / physical state / colour
- Melting point / freezing point
- Boiling point
- Density
- Particle size distribution (Granulometry)
- Vapour pressure
- Partition coefficient
- Water solubility
- Solubility in organic solvents / fat solubility
- Surface tension
- Flash point
- Auto flammability
- Flammability
- Explosiveness
- Oxidising properties
- Oxidation reduction potential
- Stability in organic solvents and identity of relevant degradation products
- Storage stability and reactivity towards container material
- Stability: thermal, sunlight, metals
- pH
- Dissociation constant
- Viscosity
- Additional physico-chemical information
- Additional physico-chemical properties of nanomaterials
- Nanomaterial agglomeration / aggregation
- Nanomaterial crystalline phase
- Nanomaterial crystallite and grain size
- Nanomaterial aspect ratio / shape
- Nanomaterial specific surface area
- Nanomaterial Zeta potential
- Nanomaterial surface chemistry
- Nanomaterial dustiness
- Nanomaterial porosity
- Nanomaterial pour density
- Nanomaterial photocatalytic activity
- Nanomaterial radical formation potential
- Nanomaterial catalytic activity
- Endpoint summary
- Stability
- Biodegradation
- Bioaccumulation
- Transport and distribution
- Environmental data
- Additional information on environmental fate and behaviour
- Ecotoxicological Summary
- Aquatic toxicity
- Endpoint summary
- Short-term toxicity to fish
- Long-term toxicity to fish
- Short-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Long-term toxicity to aquatic invertebrates
- Toxicity to aquatic algae and cyanobacteria
- Toxicity to aquatic plants other than algae
- Toxicity to microorganisms
- Endocrine disrupter testing in aquatic vertebrates – in vivo
- Toxicity to other aquatic organisms
- Sediment toxicity
- Terrestrial toxicity
- Biological effects monitoring
- Biotransformation and kinetics
- Additional ecotoxological information
- Toxicological Summary
- Toxicokinetics, metabolism and distribution
- Acute Toxicity
- Irritation / corrosion
- Sensitisation
- Repeated dose toxicity
- Genetic toxicity
- Carcinogenicity
- Toxicity to reproduction
- Specific investigations
- Exposure related observations in humans
- Toxic effects on livestock and pets
- Additional toxicological data
Direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
Administrative data
- Endpoint:
- direct observations: clinical cases, poisoning incidents and other
- Type of information:
- migrated information: read-across from supporting substance (structural analogue or surrogate)
- Adequacy of study:
- supporting study
- Reliability:
- 2 (reliable with restrictions)
- Rationale for reliability incl. deficiencies:
- other: see 'Remark'
- Remarks:
- Reasonably well-documented publication. In this study, intestinal absorption of magnesium was studied in human volunteers receiving magnesium controlled diet, from which magnesium can be assumed to be well bioavailable. The data are used for read-across from a supporting substance for evaluating oral absorption.
Cross-reference
- Reason / purpose for cross-reference:
- reference to same study
Data source
Reference
- Reference Type:
- publication
- Title:
- Magnesium absorption and metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure and in patients with normal renal function
- Author:
- Spencer, H. et al.
- Year:
- 1 980
- Bibliographic source:
- Gastroenterology 79, 26-34
Materials and methods
- Study type:
- study with volunteers
- Endpoint addressed:
- basic toxicokinetics
Test guideline
- Qualifier:
- according to guideline
- Guideline:
- other: DHEW (Department of Health, Education, & Welfare) guidelines
- Principles of method if other than guideline:
- Toxicokinetics in humans
Oral bioavailability of dietary magnesium - GLP compliance:
- no
Test material
- Reference substance name:
- Magnesium
- EC Number:
- 231-104-6
- EC Name:
- Magnesium
- Cas Number:
- 7439-95-4
- IUPAC Name:
- magnesium
- Details on test material:
- - Name of test material (as cited in study report): Magnesium
- Source: Dietary, i.e. from natural sources, strictly controlled
No further details are given.
Constituent 1
Method
- Type of population:
- general
- Subjects:
- - Number of subjects exposed: 8
- Sex: male
- Age: 47-67 years
- Known diseases: Chronic renal failure; subjects were in good physical condition and had normal gastrointestinal and liver function
- Other: The serum levels of creatinine were elevated, ranging from 2.4 to 14.6 mg/100 ml, as were the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which ranged from 26 to 106 mg/100 ml. The creatinine clearance ranged from 5 to 54 ml/minute.
- Control subjects (normal renal function): 10 age matched patients
No further details are given. - Ethical approval:
- confirmed and informed consent free of coercion received
- Remarks:
- In compliance with DHEW guidelines (United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare).
- Route of exposure:
- oral
- Reason of exposure:
- intentional
- Exposure assessment:
- measured
- Details on exposure:
- Sixteen Mg balance studies were carried out under strictly controlled dietary conditions in the Metabolic Research Ward. 10 of these studies were carried out during a low Mg intake averaging 159 mg/day and a low Ca intake averaging 200 mg/day, and 6 were carried out during similar dietary Mg intake but during different Ca intakes ranging from 800-2000 mg/day. 33 control studies were carried out.
The duration of the studies of the patients with chronic renal failure averaged 28 days during the low Ca intake and 72 days during the higher Ca intakes. Patients received diets containing 172 mg Mg. - Examinations:
- Urine and stool specimens were collected. The body weight, 24-hour urine volume, and urinary excretion of creatinine were determined daily. Metabolic balances of Mg were determined in each 6-day study period on aliquots of the diet and on aliquots of 6-day collection pools of urine and stool. Mg and Ca in the diet, urine, stool and serum were determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy.
- Medical treatment:
- no medication
Results and discussion
- Clinical signs:
- no data
- Results of examinations:
- The average net absorption of Mg of patients with chronic renal failure was significantly lower (17 % of magnesium intake) than the absorption of patients with normal renal function (48.5 %). The lower absorption of Mg of patients with chronic renal failure was due to the significantly higher faecal Mg excretion, averaging 82.5 % of the Mg intake, compared with an average of 51.5 % for patients with normal renal function.
The faecal/urinary Mg excretion ratio for patients with normal renal function was close to 1.0, whereas it averaged 1.75 for patients with chronic renal failure, which indicates a shift of the Mg excretion from the kidney to the intestine.
The Mg balance did not differ significantly from that of age-matched patients with normal kidney function receiving similar or higher Mg intake. In a long-term study of a patient with chronic renal failure, the net absorption of Mg was greater during a higher Mg intake than during the lower Mg intake. The Mg absorption was only half the value, 24 % vs 48 %, for patients with normal renal function receiving the same Mg intake. Increasing the Ca intake from 200 to 800, 1400, and 2000 mg/day did not change the Mg balance or the net absorption of Mg of patients with chronic renal failure and of patients with normal renal function. - Effectivity of medical treatment:
- Not applicable - no medication received.
- Outcome of incidence:
- no data
Applicant's summary and conclusion
- Conclusions:
- In healthy subjects, absorption of magnesium from the diet was found to be approximately 50 %.
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